Introduction to Sociology: The Concept of Deviance Essay

Understanding that society has unavoidably essential effects on what is considered degenerate or not altogether decreases the disarray that proliferate concerning the subject. This paper presents this supposition and underlines the relevant works of a few specialists in the field. Ahmad and Rosenhan in their different treatises attempt to advance persuading confirmations and contentions concerning their separate positions. Fundamentally, this paper clarifies the remain of Ahmad and the disclosures and ends drawn by the examination performed by Rosenhan. Culture, belief or strict influences unavoidably are pivotal to the conduct of individuals which might be the benchmarks with which individuals base their activities, dynamic and decisions (Navada, 2009). II. Section 2 SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS The accompanying inquiries will support the peruser and understudy to make target decisions on a few key issues with respect to their point of view toward issues. The thought is that abnormality as indicated by society’s directs can and will represent the moment of truth certain methods of living, likely driving even to the demolition of various individuals as the culprits would see their casualties. Ahmad seems splendid with regards to how he sought after the contentions concerning the legitimacy of the West’s charges about who are fear based oppressors. The significance of his article was that the issue with society is that it has no lasting meaning of an idea specifically. In the issue of psychological warfare, when it happened that a gathering of individuals or a nation considered another lesser persuasive as far as politicking, at that point the more compelling or incredible an individual is, the more he or his gathering establishes the pace of profound quality and morals: what is good and moral rely on the level of eagerness and narrow-mindedness of people. Rosenhan shows that being crazy can't be really controlled by whatever instrument or apparatus, or by what is directed as the â€Å"normal bend. † The sort of study he made was an inside and out one and brings rude awakening to the individuals truly associated with dysfunctional behavior and reestablishing wellbeing. There were numerous perceptions that undoubtedly were legitimate including the way that grave duty lies with the leader of these emergency clinics or associations whose demonstrating or model mean passing or life, recuperation or genuine craziness for the individual patient. 1. Ahmad’s Article The perspective of Ahmad (1998) briefly portrayed in his article Terrorism: Theirs and Ours' must be perused with as much as the evacuation of hued â€Å"glasses† which might be an impediment as to getting this author’s perspective. It implies that separating his thoughts through one’s individual inclinations and point of view may not be a generally excellent thought by any means. Or maybe, a Jewish individual with his own contentions should likely imagine first that he is along the edge of the essayist and later interpretation of his personality and perspectives (Ahmad, 1998). What is the author’s point recorded as a hard copy the paper? Ahmad just expresses that fear based oppression relies totally upon who’s profited by the activity particularly in amazing scale (Ahmad, 1998). On account of Palestine and Israel, and on the world’s stage, fear based oppression can't be credited as such for whatever length of time that the West, for example, the United States stays in such a grandiose situation as a superpower. Their strength and clout spell domain and their own meaning of what fear mongering. Contemporary milieu shows that since the Palestinian individuals are not on the American side as indicated by Ahmad, at that point this specific gathering of individuals has no state; and at whatever point they wage war, it isn't named as a nationalistic battle. Or maybe, it is psychological warfare. Ahmad likewise implied that America and its relationship to compelling countries can be viewed as sham and the presentation of worry as act (Ahmad, 1998). How does the creator demonstrate his point? The utilization of rationale and additionally deductive thinking was the means by which the creator Ahmad attempted to convince his crowd (Ahmad, 1998). What proof do they use to demonstrate their point? Ahmad made sure that recorded proof backings his contentions well. He used the news and article cuts and different sources to advance the charges that during the occasions that Israel was not yet a State, Jewish uprisings were acceptably known as fear mongering. Confirmations from print interchanges at that point pivoted which made Palestinian revolts as works of fear based oppressors (Ahmad, 1998). What do their discoveries state about aberrance and society all in all? Ahmad’s contentions essentially placed that aberrance is directed by governmental issues and force (Navada, 2009; Ahmad, 1998). The reality in some random society, the belief system that pervades is one that is held by those in places of power, riches and influence. On account of the presence of the Jewish State or that of the Palestinian character, he contends that in their separate â€Å"reigns† these two races the development of the term fear mongering is characterized by the perspective of each. At the point when the Palestinians were possessing the spot, Jewish reformers or the Jewish want for a nation spoke to a danger and was portrayed as psychological warfare; their pioneers, called fear mongers. Aberrance, ordinariness, or irregularity are terms inalienably basic to society as the meaning of the terms lays on the individuals administering an especially society or establishment. It is likely right to think and reach inferences that Mr. Ahmad is correct concerning this perspective (Ahmad, 1998). Be that as it may, it is totally something else when fear keeps on being fashioned in different spots of the world by the immense system built up by individuals of comparable influences. It would be completely shortsighted to think along carefully along the line of imagined that Mr. Ahmad was thinking (Ahmad, 1998). The universe of people is intermittently capricious, changing and wondrously energizing. In any case, when these traits become very odd and agonizingly unfavorable, people become debilitated and stressed over how much can different people stand to cause hurt against them. Self destruction besieging is, if not the most, one of the most grim acts anyone can submit. It is inside and out insane and dumb. One must be adjacent to the typical to be engaging such an idea at the top of the priority list. Unexpectedly, aficionados who have submitted and endeavored self destruction bombings previously, were esteemed typical until the day when the execution of their definitive plans were made open whether thwarted or finished. Individuals who are beset with mental confusion may, as others, travel for similar reasons †get-away, visiting companions or family members, business, diversion, and some of the time for strict or otherworldly center (Miller and Zarcone, 1968). Others to be sure may go for reasons other than the typical †for reasons activated by contorted mental state, for example, the men who completed the 911 assault of the Twin Towers in New York. Along the 911 assault, self destruction besieging through airplane came to noticeable quality bringing about the blending of the mindfulness among the worldwide open of the way that the normal explorer probably won't be that â€Å"regular† in any case. It is plausible that some of them are driven by unreasonable displeasure or inspired by utopic trust as educated in the networks wherein they have promised their life devotion (Silke, 2003). 2. Rosenhan research What is the author’s point recorded as a hard copy the paper? Rosenhan’s discovery (1973) in mental foundations was a fascinating and mysteriously crude to the brains of figures or individuals who are in helping calling (Rosenhan, 1973). It is basic and contributes a touchy fiber to an immense organization that takes into account dysfunctional behavior. There might be escape clauses with respect to how the test was done including moral issues to human interest however the outcomes and the strategies were â€Å"loudspeakers† and are viewed as critical to naming and the finding of the psychological sickness (Rosenhan, 1973). How does the creator demonstrate his point? Rosenhan demonstrated his point by immediate and firsthand encounters of individuals who were members in the investigation (Rosenhan, 1973). What proof do they use to demonstrate their point? With the intensive treatment of information got from these individual participant’s perceptions, he made speculations and ends regarding the state or state of the Mental Institutions, the abilities and proficiency of Mental Health Professionals were being referred to. His discoveries which were steady to a huge degree with huge numbers of his volunteers’ perceptions push the issue of legitimate analysis and naming, utilization of symptomatic rules, the capacities and capabilities and hard working attitudes of individuals rehearsing in the psychological wellness field to the front and posture as challenge to the sort of calling being taken care of here (Rosenhan, 1973). What do their discoveries state about aberrance and society when all is said in done? Explicit things watched particularly critical to causing speculations in the control to incorporate the period of time that medical caretakers, specialists and in particular, the therapists and clinicians go through with patients. By experimental proof basis alone, the training definitely misses the mark on this angle. In the territory of determination and resulting mediation gauges, the underlying appraisals, portrayal angle assume a significant job consequently can never be consigned to a minor spot in the training. Psychological maladjustment at that point or abnormality so far as that is concerned relies on numerous issues brought out in the test (Rosenhan, 1973; Navada, 2009). III. REFERENCE PAGE Ahmad, Eqbal (1998). 'Terrorism:Theirs and Ours. ' Accessed June 13, 2009 online at http://www. sangam. organization/ANALYSIS/Ahmad. htm Gordon, Harvey, Mike Kingham, Tony Goodwin (2004).. Air travel by travelers with mental confusion. Mental Bulletin 28:295-297. The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Jourad, Sydney (1963). Individual Adjustment. second Ed. New York: MacMillan Company. Navada, Marianne Ryan-Go (2009). Standards of Sociology; Chapter 8, pp. 1-4. Gotten to June 13, 2009 online at http://book. gonavada. com/html/Chap

Comparing Truth in Death Of A Salesman and The Glass Menagerie Essay

Looking for Truth in Death Of A Salesman and The Glass Menagerie   â â â Often society looks to upset the longing of specific individuals to discover or potentially face reality. Instances of this are found throughut writing. Two phenomenal case of this are Biff Loman from 'The Death Of A Salesman' and Tom Wingfield from 'The Glass Menagerie'. Sooner or later, the two of them need to confront and comprehend reality with regards to their lives. Biff is confronted with the untruths andâ ethics of society fixated on the degenerate adaptation of American Dream, particularly his dad, and his powerlessness to seek after his own objectives and dreams. Tom is confronted with the tragic truth of life in his family and the longing to get away from it.  Biff Loman experienced childhood in a group of a sales rep. He had a sensibly upbeat youth, and an extraordinary school vocation. He was acceptable at American Football and won a football grant. His dad, Willy Loman, was in every case pleased with his child and consistently lauded him and put him above others. Lamentably, Willy's life theory was destroyed by the adulterated rendition of the American Dream. He accepted that the way to satisfaction is cash and achievement and the an individual doesn't really needs to endeavor to accomplish it. Biff grew up with those thoughts and they affected him a ton. In any case, when he got his dad with another lady, the acknowledgment of the falsehood and defilement turned his life around. He no longer puts stock in his dad or the fantasy, and lives a... ...Blossom, Harold. Presentation. Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. 1-8. Killjoy, Alan S. American Drama and Its Critics. Chicago, University of Chicago Press [1965]. pp. 218-239. Hayashi, Tetsumaro.â Arthur Miller Criticism.â Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1969. Duty, Eric P. 'Through Soundproof Glass': The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie. Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Mill operator, Arthur.â Death of a Salesman.â New York: Viking, 1965. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. In Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, fourth ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995. 1519-1568. Looking at Truth in Death Of A Salesman and The Glass Menagerie Essay Looking for Truth in Death Of A Salesman and The Glass Menagerie   â â â Often society looks to foil the longing of specific individuals to discover and additionally face reality. Instances of this are found throughut writing. Two fantastic case of this are Biff Loman from 'The Death Of A Salesman' and Tom Wingfield from 'The Glass Menagerie'. Sooner or later, the two of them need to confront and comprehend reality with regards to their lives. Biff is confronted with the untruths andâ ethics of society fixated on the degenerate adaptation of American Dream, particularly his dad, and his failure to seek after his own objectives and dreams. Tom is confronted with the miserable truth of life in his family and the longing to get away from it.  Biff Loman experienced childhood in a group of a sales rep. He had a sensibly cheerful adolescence, and an incredible school vocation. He was acceptable at American Football and won a football grant. His dad, Willy Loman, was in every case exceptionally pleased with his child and consistently commended him and put him above others. Sadly, Willy's life reasoning was demolished by the undermined variant of the American Dream. He accepted that the way to joy is cash and achievement and the an individual doesn't really needs to make a solid effort to accomplish it. Biff grew up with those thoughts and they impacted him a ton. Be that as it may, when he got his dad with another lady, the acknowledgment of the untruth and debasement turned his life around. He no longer has confidence in his dad or the fantasy, and lives a... ...Sprout, Harold. Presentation. Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. 1-8. Killjoy, Alan S. American Drama and Its Critics. Chicago, University of Chicago Press [1965]. pp. 218-239. Hayashi, Tetsumaro.â Arthur Miller Criticism.â Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1969. Duty, Eric P. 'Through Soundproof Glass': The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie. Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Mill operator, Arthur.â Death of a Salesman.â New York: Viking, 1965. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. In Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, fourth ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995. 1519-1568.

Types of Marketing Strategies that Attract Customers

Types of Marketing Strategies that Attract Customers Businesses and marketers pour a lot of their resources into developing, honing and implementing marketing programs with two goals in mind: to aid the business in achieving its “maximum profit potential”, and bring it to the point where it can sustain itself for the long term. To put it simply, they have their eye on two balls: profitability and growth.These marketing programs are well-thought out and thoroughly planned strategies, each with their specific objectives, but with the same end in sight.Generally, the objective or purpose of marketing strategies â€" or overall marketing programs, for that matter â€" will depend on several factors, including the type of business and its operations and the purpose of the existence (or the vision) of the organization. Non-profits, for example, won’t be too concerned about talks of profit potential and profitability when developing their marketing plan. A business venture set up purposely to exist or operate for only a limited time, on t he other hand, will come up with marketing campaigns that do not pay much attention on growth and longevity.If there is one thing that businesses and organizations have in common, however, that would be the presence of customers, also called clients, end users or beneficiaries, depending on how the organization refers to them. That means that, no matter how these organizations’ ultimate marketing goals may be, they will agree that they have to include strategies that are meant to attract these customers, clients, end users or beneficiaries. © Shutterstock.com | g-stockstudioIn this article, you will be introduced to the different types of marketing strategies that are currently being employed by organizations to attract new customers.CAUSE MARKETINGAlso called “cause-related marketing”, this strategy is getting more face time, as more and more consumers are integrating social responsibility in their purchasing decisions. Brands that prove themselves to be socially responsible are likely to catch the attention of customers and establish brand awareness and loyalty.In the 2015 Cone Communications Millenial CSR Study, 91% of the respondents declared that they will not hesitate to switch to a brand that is associated with a cause. That means 9 out of 10 people are willing to turn their backs on a brand that they may have been previously loyal to, in favor of a competing brand that demonstrates a strong sense of social responsibility and supports a cause that resonates with the consumers.That is the reason why, today, w e see many businesses and organizations openly supporting various causes or advocacies. They even devote entire departments, and a substantial chunk of company resources, into their own corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, and integrate it into their marketing campaign.The key to using this strategy is to ensure that the cause is something that the company and its target customers actually care about.Some of the techniques employed include collaborating with a cause-oriented group or organization, choosing a cause that is related to the main thrust of the business or its products and services, making significant donations in money and in kind, and even doing volunteer work. Since cause marketing is largely reliant on press and word-of-mouth, companies often incorporate it in their advertisements and promotional materials. That is one less content â€" and expense â€" to worry about.Example of Cause Marketing:One of the most talked-about cause marketing campaigns in recent years is the “Campaign for Real Beauty”, a collaboration of Unilever and the Dove Self-Esteem Fund. The social advocacy of this campaign, which was launched in 2004, is to direct attention on how 98% of women around the world have low self-esteem when it comes to their beauty, all because of how media and the beauty industry had created a “beauty” stereotype that is, for most women, unattainable. The marketing message is that beauty comes in different shapes, sizes, color and race, and not just one standard, so women should be confident in the knowledge that they are beautiful.Through this campaign, Dove, maker of various beauty and personal hygiene products, was able to touch one of its market’s biggest demographics: women and young girls worldwide. Since its launch, Dove’s sales went up by more than 60%. DIGITAL MARKETINGMarketers today should be grateful, what with the wider variety of tools, devices and platforms that they can utilize for their marketing campaigns. W ith the rapidly rising number of consumers that are relying greatly on digital devices for their daily activities, it is important for companies to go where their target customers are.Digital marketing is used to describe the strategy of promoting brands or products through electronic media. It basically advocates the use of various digital devices and technologies to deliver marketing messages to customers. Examples of these digital devices are smartphones, computers, tablets and similar mobile devices, and some of the electronic methods are text messaging, instant messaging, and podcasts.It also includes advertising content distributed or released using digital technology, such as electronic billboards and posters. Incidentally, the strategy that promotes products and brands through mobile devices may be separately identified as “mobile marketing”.Marketers display preference over using these electronic methods and channels in their promotions, primarily because it allows them to track and monitor the results of the marketing campaign in real time. Communication is also another important factor in marketing, and going digital will allow the brand to establish more than one contact point to communicate with its target customers.Example of Digital Marketing:McDonald’s is, without a doubt, one of the most recognizable brands globally, and much of that can be credited to its digital marketing techniques. Three of them are discussed below:Extended Restaurant Hours. When the fastfood chain decided to open more than 30% of its outlets until the late hours of night, the information was disseminated through mobile banner ads that are placed in websites that are often visited by customers late at night. Digital ads were also set up in gas stations and rest stops. Simultaneously, they promoted a new Restaurant Finder app, which will guide the customers to the nearest McDonald’s outlet that is still open. This successfully attracted the attention and patronage o f customers that work late night shifts.Ask McDonald’s on YouTube. McDonald’s Canada created a dedicated account on YouTube, purposely for its information campaign on the quality of the food they serve. Customers will ask questions, and the answers will be given via videos uploaded on the channel. This interaction cemented the brand’s relationship of trust with its existing customers and also attracted new ones, particularly those with a positive impression on the company’s initiative to address its customers’ concerns.Angry Birds. The Angry Birds game has caught the world by storm, and McDonald’s China got in on the action. It collaborated with the game’s creator, Rovio, to develop an Angry Birds game that can only be played inside McDonald’s stores in China. Further, the game also had additional features that can only be unlocked in specific outlets. As a result, McDonald’s non-customers â€" who happen to be fanatics of the mobile game â€" trooped to the stores. EVENT MARKETINGEvent marketing involves the development and execution of a promotional campaign that revolves around, or is closely linked to a special occasion or event. The themed activities entail face-to-face or in-person engagement and interaction, turning customers into active participants in the campaign.This marketing strategy is useful in attracting customers, building brand awareness and lasting relationships. In a study conducted by the Event Marketing Institute, 50% of the people that attend and participate in an event marketing activity end up making a purchase during the event.Curiosity may be the first thing that will draw potential customers to an event. However, what will persuade them to stick around and allow themselves to be convinced to buy are the activities conducted during the event. These could be product demonstrations or trials, free samples or giveaways, generous discounts and other incentives.Example of Event Marketing:The best example of this marketing strategy is that of Macy’s Thanksgiving Day parade. Since 1924, the New York department store has privately sponsored and funded this annual event, which marks the start of the holiday (ergo, gift-giving) season. Participated in by giant floats, marching bands, cheerleaders, clowns and other performers, the Parade never fails to draw major crowds to the streets of Manhattan.Every year, it is estimated that 3 million people attend the event while over 50 million watch it on television. Many brands and companies also join the parade by sponsoring floats, knowing that the exposure will attract customers and drive their sales.Some of the brands that benefited from taking part and aligning in this annual Thanksgiving Parade are Toys ‘R’ Us, Pillsbury, the Disney Channel, and Timberlands.ENGAGEMENT / EXPERIENTIAL MARKETINGThere are a number of other alternative phrases for “engagement marketing” and, so far, the more popular and commonly used are “event marketing”, “experi ential marketing”, “on-ground marketing” and “participation marketing”.In this marketing strategy, the focus is on making a strong connection between the brand and the customers by “engaging” them directly, through active and participative interaction. Its principles are rooted in the reality that more and more people are learning not to believe anything they just hear about, or see in advertisements and promotional materials.As proven by a survey conducted by Jack Morton, which aimed to measure the effectiveness of engagement marketing, 11 out of 14 customers showed preference in learning about new products, services or brands through firsthand experience. Compared to what a celebrity endorser is saying about a product, or what is written on a flyer or brochure about the product features, the comments or opinions of someone they personally know will hold more water and are more likely to convince them to give that product a try. This proves that customers want to have a deeper connection with a brand before they can be convinced to buy anything from that company and become loyal customers.Creativity is very important if businesses and marketers want to have a successfully experiential marketing campaign. This is the brand’s opportunity to stand out, so coming up with unique concepts that will make an indelible mark in the minds of the participants is crucial.This type of marketing strategy is effective in attracting new customers, because what better way to introduce a new product than by letting the customer connect with it on a personal level? This demonstrates that brand’s confidence in its products, and their commitment to providing a memorable and satisfying customer experience.Example if Engagement / Experiential Marketing:A very good example of a successful engagement or experiential marketing strategy was the “Samsung Studios” brand experiences launched by the electronics company from July to September of 2012, as part of the com pany’s sponsorship of the London 2012 Olympics, held in that same year. Samsung set up these studios in several London locations, where visitors can get up close and personal with two new Samsung offerings at that time: the Galaxy S3 smartphone and the Galaxy Note.Aside from participating in product demonstrations, visitors can actually touch and hold the gadgets in their hands, allowing them to get a feel for it. Samsung also incorporated its Olympic Games app into the devices, so the visitors can play with it. To test camera performance and photo quality of the Galaxy S3, visitors can also have their photographs taken. The photo will then be turned into a personalized badge that they can bring home with them.At the end of the Samsung Studios campaign, the interactive experience brought about a positive reaction among the visitors. Out of 10 visitors that experienced Samsung Studios, nine said that they are likely to consider buying a Samsung phone over other brands. PR MARKETING The PR in PR Marketing stands for Public Relations. In the context of marketing, it entails the business developing and cultivating a relationship with the media or the press to create brand awareness in the market. This relationship will then allow the business to make use of the news or the business press, for example, to talk positively about the company, its products and services, and the reasons why consumers should also buy from them.Many confuse PR marketing with advertising, considering how the main platform is the media. However, it’s important to note that advertising is a paid strategy and PR marketing isn’t. You pay a media outlet or company to advertise your brand or products. In PR marketing, you do not pay a news reporter or journalist to write or come up with a story about your brand or product. It is free publicity that actually holds greater credibility in the public’s view. Compared to an advertising blurb, a prospective customer is likely to be convinced by a well-written piece about how a specific product of the brand can benefit him.Creating press releases and conducting press conferences also fall under PR marketing. The company will provide the press with the information, which they will write about and release in their respective publications or broadcasts.Example of PR Marketing:In the early days before Apple was the giant it is today, the CEO and founder Steve Jobs was sure to hold a major press conference for every product launch. In this press conference, he would talk in great length about the product and its features, complete with visual presentations.After the press conference, the press will release news about the new Apple product, increasing the hype and anticipation of the consumers. This is still done today, despite the company having millions of loyal customers. Instead of spending money on creating a TV commercial to introduce the product, introduction will take place in various places wherever news is released, fr om print to broadcast to online news outlets.SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETINGIf you are wondering where everyone is, go to social media. Not only did social media change the way people communicate and connect with each other, it has definitely altered entire lifestyles. Now, businesses have taken to social media to expand their reach, knowing that establishing a strong social media presence will be beneficial to their branding and overall business success. So far, the most commonly used social media platforms used by businesses are Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Pinterest, Reddit, Yelp and FourSquare.Out of the several internet marketing strategies used by businesses these days, social media marketing or SMM, is seen by many businesses to provide the most effective results. Research showed that over 25% of businesses look to SMM for customer retention and loyalty. Certainly, social media is considered to be the best platform for businesses to create and maintain bra nd awareness, as well as bring attention to a new product or service that businesses will be introducing or launching.Compared to email marketing, SMM is seen to be the better method. Telemarketing has been on fire in recent years because of their intrusive nature, with unsolicited and often unwanted phone calls seen as annoying disturbances. Many consumers have this same view when it comes to receiving unsolicited emails. They’d rather their permission be obtained by the brand first before they can start sending emails. Therefore, email marketing is more effective for customer retention, more than attracting the attention of new customers.What makes SMM the preferred strategy among businesses?Businesses are able to engage their customers and obtain feedback in real time.Businesses can take advantage of the various facilities and features in social platforms for its promotional activities.A social media presence keeps the business current and relevant, especially in the minds of c ustomers.Businesses are able to build and nurture relationships with their customers over the long term.Businesses enjoy wider visibility on social media, thanks to the networking structure.Example of Social Media Marketing:The Starbucks empire is known for being active on social media â€" proof of how it utilizes social media in its marketing. Its Facebook page has close to 36.5 million followers. On Twitter, it has 11.8 million followers. It also established itself on Google+, Pinterest, YouTube, and My Starbucks Ideas, taking full advantage of cross-promotions, and ensuring that they are present where their target customers are.Instead of using social media to openly sell its products, Starbucks focuses on providing content that is informative and entertaining. The objective is clearly to engage customers and cultivate relationships with them. On Facebook, posts on how the products will be used are shared. Coffee-related photos and images are tweeted and uploaded on Instagram. On its website, MyStarbucksIdea.com, customers are welcome to ask questions, offer recommendations, make their complaints, and share their Starbucks experience.TRANSACTIONAL MARKETINGPossibly the most conventional strategy to attract customers, transactional marketing is applied when businesses entice customers and encourage them to buy their products and services by offering discounts, coupons, and other incentives to buy. Holding a sale event, for example, is a classic example of an activity under this strategy. After all, who would say no to scoring discounts? Even consumers unfamiliar with a brand may become curious enough to see what deals they can get.The downside of this strategy is that it focuses less on sustaining brand awareness in the minds of customers or even building brand loyalty. Customer retention is not a priority because, while the single “point of sale” transactions may attract customers, the objective of the company is to profit from these one-off transaction s. The priority is to make as much sales as possible, not developing a relationship with the customer.Despite that, it cannot be denied that transactional marketing activities are effective in attracting customers, even if it’s just for one sale.Example of Transactional Marketing:A real estate agent has to meet a certain quota for the period, so his main concern is closing as many deals as he can. He will make contact with potential customers, make his sales pitch, and even take aggressive steps in convincing the customer to purchase a townhouse that he is selling. He will take the customer on a tour of the house and its surrounding, even the entire neighborhood.Once the deal is closed and the sale is made, the real estate agent will move on to another customer, and there won’t be a relationship with the previous one.WORD-OF-MOUTH MARKETINGWOMM, or Word-of-Mouth Marketing, is described as an unpaid form of advertising, where satisfied customers promote the brand or product by te lling other people how much they like or enjoy the offering. Highly satisfied customers are sure to recommend the products, services, or brands that they enjoy to other people, and this means more new customers for the business. In a Nielsen survey, 9 out of 10 customers (or 92%) are inclined to believe what their friends, family and acquaintances say about a product, service or brand.What makes this a very good strategy is the high degree of credibility and authenticity behind the promotion. After all, customers will not recommend or talk highly about a product unless they truly mean it. They will be risking their reputation otherwise. Thus, the resulting trust between the brand and the new customers will also be high, since they will not heed the words or recommendations of someone they do not know.In WOMM, information is passed on from customers to potential customers through oral communication. That was how it used to be in the past. Due to the marketplace evolving, adaptation c alled for WOMM to be more flexible and also acknowledge other forms of communication. The messenger, the message and the recipient of the message are still the same; it’s just the mode of delivery that may vary.Written reviews and testimonials also count as “word of mouth”, and so are reviews delivered in video format. Bloggers may also write about a product they have tried and liked in their blogs. Email, Facebook, Twitter and other social media are also often utilized for WOMM.For businesses, the real challenge in using this type of marketing is how to generate word-of-mouth. It is up to the business to trigger this reaction and get their existing customers talking. By far, the best way to do that is to provide your customers with an overall customer experience that exceeds their expectations. You want them to talk great things about your brand? Then make sure you give them something to talk about. Be consistent about it, and you will soon turn them into ambassadors for your brand. You may also want to consider being generous, to the point of over-serving your customers, so they will be delighted enough to promote your brand and your products.Example of WOMM:If you notice, the Starbucks Coffee Company has stayed away from traditional forms of advertising since it set up shop as a small store in Pike Place Market in Seattle in 1971. You don’t see TV ads and hear jingles on the radio promoting the Starbucks name and its coffee. You don’t see it being advertised on magazine spreads and dailies, either.That is because this coffee empire has always built its brand marketing strategy around word of mouth. It focused on ensuring a consistent high quality of its beverages and other offerings, as well as its excellent customer service, and the satisfied customers proceeded to rave about what a good experience they had to their own networks. From there, the customer base of Starbucks multiplied, propelling the company to the top of the coffee chain.

How Does Ladies and Gentlemen Call Attention To And Challenge Sexism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 388 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2018/12/30 Category Society Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Feminism Essay Gender Roles Essay Role of Women Essay Sexism Essay Did you like this example? Introduction On 14th March 2014, Laura Bates wrote about sexism on The Guardian. In her article, she explores the various ways sexism is perpetrated in the world, both on the streets and online. The show brings out the importance of mens participation towards putting an end to sexism. She says The battle against gender inequality isnt going to be won with only half the population on board (The Guardian). From this text, it is clear that the fight against sexism has become some competition instead of collective responsibility of both genders towards gender equality. The fight for gender equality ought to be done by both men and women. This is because there is a need for men to recognize and inform others about the need for change. Misogynistic comments have been made about women through the mainstream media and this push for reform can only be possible if both men and women take responsibility. According to this article in The Guardian, the writer shows a few men who have taken responsibility and stood up against the vice. This is a change in the right direction. The need for men to be involved is indispensable. One such man who was interviewed expressed his concerns about the sexist comments made in football matches. He didnt remain silent but wrote a letter to the club chairman to do something about it. (Kasumovic Kuznekoff) show that the excuse that women are entering male-dominated territories is inadmissible because sexism is perpetrated by a few ignorant or selfish people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Does Ladies and Gentlemen Call Attention To And Challenge Sexism" essay for you Create order Conclusion It is clear that the fight against sexism will only succeed if both genders take the first lead in activism. The input of men is equally important just like women. The fight against sexism need not be a competition of some sort. Men need to take the responsibility of educating other men on gender equality (Men Against Abuse Now). References Kasumovic? Martin Kuznekoff, Jeff. Correction: Insights into Sexism: Male Status and Performance Moderates Female-Directed Hostile and Amicable Behaviour. (2009). Available at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138399 Bates, Laura. The men who help fight back against everyday sexism. Accessed December 6, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2014/mar/14/men-fight-against-everyday-sexism-gender-inequality Men Against Abuse Now (MAAN). What Can Men Do to End Violence Against Women? (2009). Accessed December 6, 2017, from https://web.stanford.edu/group/maan/cgi-bin/?page_id=85

Demand And Supply Of Economics - 957 Words

Introduction The primary concern of economics is demand and supply. Basically, demand is depends upon prices of products or you can say that demand is inversely proportion to price so, as the prices decreases demand starts to increase. However, supply has direct effect at demand, more people starts buying products more will be the supply. The concepts of demand and supply are central to Microeconomics. Here is one of the journals which describes about energy demand and energy supply by estimating long and short term demand elasticities. The given journal is published by John T. Cuddington* and Leila Dagher in IAEE (International association of exhibitions and events). The current economics study found that oil business, with its history of blasts and busts, is in another downturn. Income are down for organizations that have made record benefits as of late, driving them to decommission more than a large portion of their apparatuses and strongly cut interests in investigation and creation. More than 100,000 oil specialists have lost their employments, and assembling of penetrating and creation gear has fallen forcefully. The reason is the diving cost of a barrel of oil, which has been sliced generally down the middle subsequent to June 2014, coming to levels last seen amid the profundities of the 2009 retreat. Costs recuperated a bit in the spring however have fallen again as of late. Officials think it will be years before oil comes back to $90 or $100 a barrel, Current oilShow MoreRelatedEconomic Theories : Supply And Demand1142 Words   |  5 Pages Economic Theories: Supply and Demand The economic theory of supply and demand explains the interaction between the supply of a resource and the demand for that same resource. If the product has high demand, it is typically more expensive. In sum, if there is a low supply and high demand then the price will be high. If there is an abundant supply and a low demand, the price will be low. This principle is the basis of all economic understanding. It is a global phenomenon that can be seen acrossRead MoreEconomics : The Supply And Demand Curve Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagespaper would discuss Uber’s pricing in term of facing the fundamental concept of economics: the supply and demand curve. Uber is one of the pioneers of ride-sharing and its’ brand name has dominated headlines over the past year alongside mentions of the â€Å"sharing economy†. The Uber’s pricing that would be discussed is their surge price, because this volatile pricing will impact their demand within their limited supply of d rivers, and important factor to survive from the competition between other transportationsRead MoreEconomics Essay on Demand and Supply1934 Words   |  8 Pagessummer on ice cream demand. 3. To show the effect of the use of a cheaper ice cream manufacturing method on the ice cream supply. 4. To discuss the resulting changes in equilibrium price and the quantity trade. In Economics, supply and demand are one of the fundamental concepts. Market price for any commodity is determined by the outcome of demand and supply. The literature explains that where the supply and demand are closely related to each other. Demand The demand is the amount or quantityRead MoreEconomic Theories : Supply And Demand1510 Words   |  7 PagesLyons Professor Earwicker Professor Sweet Cornerstone 8 December, 2014 Economic Theories: Supply and Demand The world runs on the concept of supply and demand. Supply and demand are the key concepts in the economist theory. Supply is simply how much of a product that the market can make and offer to consumers for a certain price. The supply can depend on resources of the producer or how willing they are to produce it. While, demand is how much the consumers insist on paying for a product or serviceRead MoreSupply and Demand: The Economic Strategy628 Words   |  3 Pagesthe best strategy, some key economic concepts must be understood. Supply and demand govern a lot of things in our industry. We are concerned about the effects that competition might have on our industry. Supply and demand can explain this. We sell personal grooming products, so our business is related to how many people there are living in the areas in which we sell, and the market share that we have. The demand is going to be a function of these two things. Demand in the industry as a whole isRead MoreEconomics, The Law Of Supply And Demand1553 Words   |  7 PagesIn economics, the law of supply and demand is a fundamental tool of economic analysis used to study issues as diverse as inflation and unemployment, the effects of taxes on prices, government regulation of business, and environmental protection. In order to show how prices and quantities are determined in free markets, economists must refer to supply and demand curves. Every market consists of both buyers and sellers. For without buyers and sellers an economy would not be able to function and inRead MoreEconomic Analysis : Supply And Demand867 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Economic Analysis is defined as the systematic approach of the use of resources and comparing two or more resources in order to achieve a specific objective with limitations of specific constraints and assumptions. Economic Analysis is basically a measure of how well the opportunity costs for resources are employed and attempts to measure these results in monetary terms for the benefits of a certain project or economy of a country. The paper will analyze a management firm knownRead MoreEconomic Model Of Supply And Demand788 Words   |  4 PagesECNM 612 MACRO ECONOMICS MIDTERM I. DEFINITIONS. Define any 10 terms. Give examples where pertinent. Macro Economics Opportunity cost Model / Theory Micro Economics Real capital Fiscal Deficit GDP Debt Net exports Consumer Price Index Producer Price Index Consumption spending Investment Inflation Production Possibility Curve II. ESSAY QUESTIONS. Answer any TWO questions. Answer all parts of each question that you choose. 1. Read MoreLaws Of Supply And Demand In Economics1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdisasters. Are these elevates in price just the beginning of a rise in gasoline prices until repairs are consummated or a replication to price gouging? For some economics this remains to be unseen. The laws of supply and demand have yet to assert themselves in the hardest hit areas of Florida and Texas. This ties directly into the laws of demand. Let’s use produce as an example. A rudimentary consumer has been culled and is shown an appealing exhibit of heads of lettuce. If the price of lettuce wereRead MoreEconomics: The Conception of Supply and Demand781 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the central notions pertaining to economics is the conception of supply and demand. In a free market economy, or even in an economy in which there may be certain regulating agencies such as governmental forces, one expects for supply to meet demand at some point (Asif, 2012). These primary market equilibrating processes affect everyone involved in that particular economy, even me. By nature people are consumers, and they must learn to balance out their desires with what it is they can reasonably

The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator Free Essays

The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator Isabella McCarty Williams Everest University Online (Orlando Campus) The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator The career I have chosen is a Crime Scene Investigator known as a CSI. In this research paper we will discuss the job details, salary, and the guidelines on collecting evidence. It is important that I cover these things to explain the importance of this career. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hope you enjoy the mind-bending information provided. Hi everyone, I am studying to be a Crime Scene Investigator (a. k. a. CSI). When working in the criminal investigation field, there are certain things you must know or learn. It takes years of training and schooling to be a CSI when you think you are done, your wrong. CSI’s are constantly going back to school and going through more training just to keep their license. That’s enough about that right now. I wish you luck for you are in a world full of surprises! We will first be discussing the job details of a Crime Scene Investigator. A CSI works in an office of their job assignment Monday-Friday from 8:30am-4:30pm for 8 hours of fun and exciting tasks. What I found to be interesting was a CSI must â€Å"successfully complete a minimum of 720 hours of training in crime scene processing, with a minimum of 80 hours of training in latent fingerprint processing, 40 hours in major death investigation, 40 hours in advanced death investigations, 40 hours in photography, 40 hours in blood spatter interpretation, and other training courses in arson investigation and forensic pathology. In addition, the crime scene investigator must be certified by the International Association for Identification, Crime Scene Certification Board, within 18 months as a crime scene investigator. (N. A. , Crime Scene Investigator Job Details, N. A. ) Also as a CSI you must obtain contact with the law enforcement officials at all levels, state and federal prosecutors, county coroners, medical examiners and pathologists in person or by telephone, on a professional basis. This is a great way to stay on top of the crimes and promiscuous things going on in the foren sic field. These are the job details of a CSI, it is not easy becoming or staying licensed as you can tell from the previous information listed above. Next we will be talking about the salary of a Crime Scene Investigator. CSI salary is within the range of $37,960 to $99,980 a year. Out of the many industries where CSI’s can be employed, the local government ranks the highest when it comes to providing jobs to crime scene investigators. The Bureau of Labor and Statistics says that â€Å"detectives and criminal investigators in the District of Columbia earns the highest wages; having an annual mean wage of $94,620, and an hourly mean wage of $45. 49. † (N. A. , Crime Scene Investigator Salary, 2012) As you can see Crime Scene Investigators get a decent pay, but most of the money they receive goes to schooling and surviving. The salary of a CSI is immaculate and definitely worth the time and effort put forth. Lastly, we will look at the guidelines for collecting evidence. When collecting evidence the guidelines are strict, they are strict because in some cases if you don’t follow them you could lose all the evidence you have. Also when taking pictures of evidence at night you have to â€Å"make sure you adjust your camera’s position, time of exposure, and supplemental lighting so the camera can â€Å"see† what you see. † (N. A. , Crime Scene Resources, 2000-2012) Another interesting fact from this website is there are over 200 ways to collect and process a finger print. When collecting evidence you cannot make any mistakes. If you make one mistake that could be someone’s entire life in your hands. In this essay we have reviewed the Crime Scene Investigators job details, salary, and the guidelines for collecting evidence. In conclusion, it takes a lot to become a good CSI it comes with excellent pay and great skills and knowledge. I suggest if you want to go into this field be ready to have a continuous line of schooling and be ready to face new obstacles every day. I thank you for taking the time out to read this essay and hope you have learned and found this field as interesting as I have. References N. A. (2000-2012) Become a forensic investigator. Retrieved from http://http://www. crime-scene-investigator. net/ N. A. (2012) A crime scene investigator’s salary. Retrieved from http://www. criminaljusticeschoolinfo. com/crime-scene-investigator-salary. html N. A. (N. D. ) A crime scene investigator’s job details. Retrieved from http://www. feinc. net/csi-desc. html How to cite The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator, Essays

Financial management Evaluation of Clustering Algorithms

Question: Discuss about the Financial management Evaluation of Clustering Algorithms. Answer: Company Introduction In Australia Boral are the largest building and construction material suppliers. It is the largest suppliers of material in all the territories and states. In this, report an analysis is made about the operating activity of the company. Analysis of theFinancial Statement The financial statement of a company is prepared to reflect the performance and activity of the company. The financial statement is an indispensible part for calculating the financial ratios (Vogel 2014). The profit and loss and balance sheet of the company is given below: Income Statement of BORAL LTD Amount in Million Particulars 2015 2016 Revenue $4,298 $4,311 Cost of revenue $3,039 $2,927 Gross profit $1,258 $1,384 Operating expenses Sales, General and administrative $1,984 $1,122 Other operating expenses ($912) ($40) Total operating expenses $1,072 $1,082 Operating income $186 $302 Interest Expense $76 $71 Other income (expense) $179 $53 Income before taxes $288 $284 Provision for income taxes $45 $32 Net income from continuing operations $243 $252 Net income from discontinuing ops $14 $4 Other Net income $257 $256 Net income available to common shareholders $257 $256 Earnings per share Basic $1 $1 Diluted $1 $1 Weighted average shares outstanding Basic $209 $201 Diluted $212 $203 EBITDA $614 $602 Table 1: Income Statement (Source: created by Author) BORAL LTD Balance Sheet Amount in Million 2015-06 2016-06 Assets Current assets Cash Cash and cash equivalents $ 506 $ 452 Short-term investments $ 10 $ 19 Total cash $ 515 $ 471 Receivables $ 660 $ 624 Inventories $ 538 $ 557 Other current assets $ 28 $ 32 Total current assets $ 1,741 $ 1,684 Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Gross property, plant and equipment $ 5,400 $ 5,576 Accumulated Depreciation $ (2,952) $ (3,059) Net property, plant and equipment $ 2,448 $ 2,517 Equity and other investments $ 1,078 $ 1,078 Goodwill $ 209 $ 213 Intangible assets $ 18 $ 22 Deferred income taxes $ 244 $ 237 Other long-term assets $ 127 $ 49 Total non-current assets $ 4,124 $ 4,116 Total assets $ 5,865 $ 5,800 Liabilities and stockholders' equity Liabilities Current liabilities Short-term debt $ - $ 359 Capital leases $ 1 $ 1 Accounts payable $ 642 $ 608 Deferred income taxes $ 95 $ 37 Other current liabilities $ 185 $ 177 Total current liabilities $ 923 $ 1,182 Non-current liabilities Long-term debt $ 1,317 $ 1,009 Capital leases $ 4 $ 3 Deferred taxes liabilities Other long-term liabilities $ 97 $ 101 Total non-current liabilities $ 1,418 $ 1,112 Total liabilities $ 2,341 $ 2,294 Stockholders' equity Common stock $ 2,362 $ 2,246 Retained earnings $ 996 $ 1,098 Accumulated other comprehensive income $ 166 $ 162 Total stockholders' equity $ 3,524 $ 3,506 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 5,865 $ 5,800 Table 2: Balance sheet (Source: created by author) Analysis of Key Financial Ratios The financial ratios are the comparison of the financial statement. The financial statement ratios are computed because it is useful to various stake holders. The stake holder that uses the computation of the financial ratios are the investors, creditors and management. It is regarded as the most commonly used tools for decoding the performance of the business (Kou et al. 2014). The most important features of the ratios are that they are easy to compute and simple to understand. The ratios are calculated based on the financial statement of the company provided below: The key financial ratios of the company Boral is given below: Key Financial Ratios Particulars 2015 2016 Debt Equity Ratio 0.37 0.29 Current Ratio 1.89 1.42 Quick Ratio 1.30 0.95 Return on Equity 7.29% 7.30% Net Profit Margin 5.98% 5.94% Inventory Sales Ratio 0.125 0.129 Table 3: Key financial ratios (Source: Created by Author) Debt Equity Ratio The debt to equity ratio is a liquidity ratio. The calculation is done by dividing the total debt to total equity. If the debt equity ratio of the company is high this indicates that the company is using more debt financing than the equity financing (Damodaran 2016). The formula that is used for calculating the debt equity ratio is given below: Debt equity ratio= Debt /Equity The calculation in the Table 3 shows that the debt equity ratio of the company in 2015 is 0.37 and in 2016 is 0.29. It is generally implied that low debt equity ratio means that there is stability in the company. The companies have higher solvency risk have high debt equity ratio. In the current scenario the debt equity ratio of the company has reduced marginally (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2013). That indicates that the solvency situation of the company has improved from 2015 to 2016. The long term debt of the company has reduced as a result the debt equity ratio of the company has also reduced. On analyzing the debt equity ratio it can be said that in 2015 the 37% of the assets have been financed by the long term debt. In 2016, the debt equity ratio indicates that the 29% of the total assets are financed by long term debt. Therefore based on the debt equity ratio it can be said that the solvency situation of the company has improved. Current ratio The current ratio is a liquidity ratio. This ratio measures the ability of the business to pay the short-term debt of the company with its current liabilities. The current liabilities are the debts that are due within the current year (Leary et al. 2014). It means that the business has limited time for raising funds for payment of liabilities. This means the businesses that have higher current assets can pay of their current liability without selling their long-term assets. The method for calculating the current ratio: Current ratio= Current Assets/ Current Liability The current ratio of the company in 2015 is 1.89 times and in 2016, it is 1.42. This means that in 2015 the company for every $1 current liability has $1.89 of current assets. In 2016, the company has $1.42 of current assets for every $1 of current liability. It means that the business has more assets to pay off the liability therefore higher current ratio is suitable for the company. However, very high current ratio specify that the business is not using the current assets is effectively. In general, the business should have current assets 2 times of the current liability. In this, case the current ratio of the company is less than 2 in both the years 2015 and 2016. In addition to this, the current ratio of the company has further reduced in 2016 from 2015. The reason for the reduction in current ratio is the reduction of the current assets and increase in current liability (Al Mamun 2013). Therefore, it can be said that based on the current ratio the company is not in the current s ituation. Quick ratio The quick ratio is also known as acid test ratio. This ratio indicates the repayment capability of the business to pay off its current liability with the current assets. The current asset in this case does not include the inventories. The formula for calculating the quick ratio is given below: Quick ratio= Current assets Inventories/ Current liability In this case, the quick ratio of the company in 2015 is 1.30 and in 2016 is 0.95. This means that in 2015 the company had enough quick assets to pay off the current liability of the company. However, in 2016 the company does not have enough quick assets to pay off the current liabilities (Weygandt et al. 2015). This indicates that in 2016 there can be a solvency issue that the company has might face. Therefore based on the ratio it can be said that the solvency situation of the company has declined. Return on Equity The return on equity is a profitability ratio that measures the ability of the business to earn profit from the shareholders fund. The Return on equity measures the ability of the management to earn profit from the shareholders fund (Spronk et al. 2016). The formula for calculating the return on equity is Return on Equity= Net Income/ Share holders equity In this case, the ROE of the company in 2015 is 7.29% and in 2016, it is 7.30%. The ROE of the company has remained stable. The reason is that the net income of the company has remained stable. Therefore, it can be said that the position of the business has remained stable. It is not a negative sign but this is not a positive of the company. Net Profit margin The net profit margin indicates the profit making ability of the business. The calculation of net profit margin ratio is given below: Net Profit margin ratio= Net Income/ Net Revenue The Net profit margin of the company in 2015 is 5.98% and in 2016 is 5.94%. The net profit margin of the company is stable in both the year. The reason is that the net income of both the year has remained stable (Spronk et al. 2016). The analysis of the net profit margin of the company indicates that the business has remained similarly profitable in both the years. This indicates that the business has not improved the performance of the company in the two consecutive years. Inventory Sales ratio The inventory sales ratio is useful because it indicates the manner in which the inventory is managed in the business. The formula for calculating the inventory sales ratio is: Inventory sales ratio= Inventory/ Revenue The increase in inventory to sales ratio indicates that the investment is growing more rapidly than the sales. In this case, inventory sales ratio is 0.125 in 2015 and it is 0.129 in 2016. The reason behind the increase in the Inventory sales ratio is increase and increase in inventory (Steidel et al. 2014). Conclusion The report indicates the performance of the business by calculating the key financial ratios. Based on the above report it can be concluded that the liquidity position and solvency position of the company is satisfactory. However, the profitability of the company has remained stable. Therefore, it can be said that the performance of the company needs to be improved. Reference Al Mamun, A., 2013. Performance Evaluation of Prime Bank Limited in Terms of Capital Adequacy.Global Journal of Management and Business Research,13(9). Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Damodaran, A., 2016.Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and corporate finance(Vol. 324). John Wiley Sons. Kou, G., Peng, Y. and Wang, G., 2014. Evaluation of clustering algorithms for financial risk analysis using MCDM methods.Information Sciences,275, pp.1-12. Leary, M.T. and Roberts, M.R., 2014. Do peer firms affect corporate financial policy?.The Journal of Finance,69(1), pp.139-178. Spronk, J., Steuer, R.E. and Zopounidis, C., 2016. Multicriteria decision aid/analysis in finance. InMultiple Criteria Decision Analysis(pp. 1011-1065). Springer New York. Steidel, C.C., Rudie, G.C., Strom, A.L., Pettini, M., Reddy, N.A., Shapley, A.E., Trainor, R.F., Erb, D.K., Turner, M.L., Konidaris, N.P. and Kulas, K.R., 2014. STRONG NEBULAR LINE RATIOS IN THE SPECTRA of z? 2-3 STAR FORMING GALAXIES: FIRST RESULTS FROM KBSS-MOSFIREBased on data obtained at the WM Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA, and was made possible by the generous financial support of the WM Keck Foundation.The Astrophysical Journal,795(2), p.165. Vogel, H.L., 2014.Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis. Cambridge University Press. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E., 2015.Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E., 2015.Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons.

Evolution of Fairy Tales and Their Changing Influences on Children free essay sample

As the word fairy means in Latin, enchantments and events that are usually farfetched comprise the story. They are not always realistic and are mostly unrealistic. The art of storytelling began long ago and has been passed on since then. As one generation disappears another one appear and retells the fairy tales once told to the previous generations not exactly like they were but versions which have been changed a bit. Fairy tales since their origin have been passed to different generations. In the western civilizations they are almost a rite of passage that every kid/children has to pass. Whether it was during the ancient times where the stories had to be narrated or the modern times where the fairy tales are in Disney versions, not forgetting the Grimm Brothers (Grimm, 1963). In the eighteenth century investigators argued that the fairy tales were derived from India and distributed to Europe. Others claim the source was Babylonia but Greek scholars ruled those arguments out arguing that there was no way all the fairy tales would have come from a single place. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Fairy Tales and Their Changing Influences on Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Speculation never ended there but with time and the efforts coincided with interests in Aryan culture that was studied at those times. Arguments arise from the fact that many tales appear from areas far beyond Europe. Cinderella seems to have originated from India and China. Scholars tried to decode the original language of Cinderella discovering some latin and greek origin. Thus nobody can rule out that many of the stories we are experiencing today originated way before the Babylonian times. Ludwig Lainster developed a theory that explained that fairy tales are derived from dreams and claimed that human beings have elementary thoughts stored in archetypal images which come out in dreams developing into fairy tales. This theory helps explain two dimensional ideals that everybody works so hard and strives to achieve. Thus all women would strive to be docile and men saving the day without any presence of personality in them. Another scholar Marie Franz supports this theory by saying one cannot study plants without studying the soil where soil is used a symbolic motif. Human beings are the soil. Dreams tell us what we desire and what our goals are and that our minds influence the tales symbolic motifs. In the modern society, everything has to have its purpose. However simple something might look there are people in the society who spend sleepless nights in finding out what the effects are and how they affect the society. Therefore, the question arises whether the stories told are merely for entertainment or something else. In every fairy tale there are morals learnt that the children should embrace as part of growing up and been responsible people in the society. The morals of each fairy tale vary depending on the story. Some teach the children about responsibility, honor, greed and being kind to other people and animals. However detailed and diverse the stories can be they cannot simply be able to exhaust all the morals. They also have lasting effect on the children psyche which goes beyond the lessons simply learned. This paper focuses on the evolution of fairy tales, influence of the fairy tales to children and the gender stereotypes expressed in the stories. Fairy tales evolution is rich and huge. It runs from periods of oral transmission literally transmission and then to the modern Disney transmission through cartoons and animations. Disney/ Hollywood production is the latest stage in fairy tales evolution.

Key terms from WW2 essays

Key terms from WW2 essays Machtpolitik German realist philosophy that sees the expansion of state power and territory by use of armed force as a legit goal (power politics) Isolationism policy of withdrawing from active participation in world affairs to Imperialism the policy of expanding state power through the conquest of foreign territory Battle of Britain (1940) then Pearl Harbor Germany lost Battle of Britain: Britains RAF pilots were better trained. Britains morale was high due to the bombings of London...back were against the wall as well. Germany never sent in ground reinforcements...shot down pilot was gone for good. RAF planes more heavily armed; Germany had faster planes however. Germany was too cocky. Hitler was too focused on one city (London), thus Brit only had to defend one area. Brit had radar. Germany had many more pilots than Britain did as well as planes. Their planes were more maneuverable and faster than Brits. Germany was moving on a undefeated winning streak, vast ego. Battle of Britain changed the tide of the wear. Germany realized it was not unstoppable, and motivation was given to the allied cause. Germany was never able to get a single troop on Brit thus GBs nationalism and more grew. Power transition a narrowing of the ratio of military capabilities between great power rivals that is thought to increase the probability of war between them. IE when USSR got nuke capabilities Domino theory if one state fell to communism, its neighboring states would fall to it as well. Extended deterrence A great powers commitment to its allies to use its military might to prevent them from being attacked by an enemy. Balance of power the theory that peace and stability are mostly likely to be maintained when military power is distributed so no one power has domination Collective security security regime agreed ...

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Business Law - Assignment Example If so, what was the condition of the offer and who was to claim it? It has always been assumed that a notice like that goes all the way to the world and anybody can claim it so long as the terms are met. This is similar to the case of Carlill and Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1893) 1 QB256. The claimant after meeting all the conditions put fore by Carbolic Smoke Ball Company was being denied the claim by the company. This attracted the intervention of the court which rewarded her claim. According to the law of contracts, an offer is simply an expression of willingness and ability to contract on given specific terms. It can be written oral or both. The offer can also be unilateral or bilateral, the latter mostly being in commercial businesses. In the case of Leila vs. Julie, the offer was unilateral since the former had in one of the dailies, printed a notice of the same targeting the whole public (Bouvier, 1856). The clear message was that whoever came across and returned the gold locket and the chain previously lost was to be rewarded $ 50. In a unilateral contract, once the offeror makes a promise in exchange of an act by another person, if this other person acts on the offerer’s promise then the latter is obligated to fulfill the promise (Austen-Baker, 2002). The ideal condition is that the information about the reward must have been in the knowledge of the offferee before presenting his actions. In this case, Julie was knowledgeable of the information about the reward for the return made by Leila. Whichever form of communication/ notification she chose, it was within the context. According to the notice, the offerer gave her address as well as her number meaning you could choose any to communicate and Julie happened to choose the physical contact. In my opinion, she qualified to be rewarded as the contract was binding. However, it should be noted that just like the case of (Household fire and carriage accident Insurance

Unemployment and its Effect on Consumer Spending Term Paper

Unemployment and its Effect on Consumer Spending - Term Paper Example Unemployment and its effect on Consumer Spending Unemployment has been a major issue that has been prevailing in every country’s economy since the global economic recession hit the world during the year 2007.This is calculated by the dividing the total number of unemployed population with that of the employed ones in the country. Unemployment within a country can bring upon many different negative issues within an economy and this could further deteriorate the country’s performance. Consumer spending is an issue that is considered to have an inverse relationship with unemployment. This relation can be graphically presented as follows: Consumer spending is the total aggregate demand of goods and services within an economy. Consumer spending, in simpler terms, can be referred to as the expenditure made by an individual. Consumer spending usually gets affected by different factors prevailing within an economy. There are many different factors that can vary the level of consumer spending. Unemployment has brought upon sev ere effects on consumer spending within the entire world. An increase in the level of unemployment was seen when the recession hit within the 2007, although this recession is considered to be the second recession within the same decade i.e. 2000 – 2010, it had severe negative effects. The reason that the 1st recession was less damaging was because during that period i.e. 2001-2002, people carried out their respective expenditure trends because they availed the mortgage facility. On the other hand, consumer spending was severely affected during the second recession period i.e. 2007.... Although the Bureau of Labor Statistics within the United States showed a reduction in the unemployment rate i.e. a fall of 0.4%, people still find it really difficult to find jobs within the country. According to many different commentators, the figures provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics do not prove to be closer to reality. According to these commentators, an average unemployed worker approximately needs 33 weeks to find a job for himself. Such fall back and deteriorating facts contrast the figures provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and it is for this reason that many commentators have considered it to be bias (Jacob, 2011). The recent unemployment rate within the United States can be graphically shown as below (WSJ, 2012) This increase in the rate of unemployment has led to a reduction in the consumer spending level within the United States. Unemployment and consumer spending have contrasting issues i.e. they are inversely proportional. An increase in the level of unemployment would definitely reduce the level of consumer spending within an economy. Consumer spending is a necessary element that is required to stimulate an economy and it is for this reason, many governments try to put in proper monetary and fiscal policies that may increase consumer spending in order to reduce inflation and maintain other economic factors within a country. The United States consumer spending level has not been pleasing during the past few years. According to the US Commerce Department, the consumer spending has risen by just a minute 0.1%. This increase has been considered to be really low as opposed to the predictions made by the US Commerce department. The United States

Protectionism: Advantages and Disadvantages

Protectionism: Advantages and Disadvantages Trade protectionism is implemented by countries when they believe their industries are being affected negatively by unjust competition. It may be seen as a defensive measure and it is almost always driven by political forces. It may turn successful, especially in the short run. In the long run, however it usually does the opposite of its intentions as it can make the country, and the industries it is trying to look after, not so competitive on the global marketplace. While economic theory suggests, and economic history demonstrates, protectionisms counter productivity on a global scale, we still believe that economists have a responsibility to defy increasing protectionist pressures by more than just recitationfree trade benefits. The typical protectionist argues that the traditional case for free trade is based on an oversimplified model which is no longer applicable to the real world. These charges are usually based on misconstructions or misinterpretations of the role of assumptio ns in economic theory. The fundamental illustrations of international trade theory are not necessary conditions for the theorys conclusions to have real world relevance. Protectionism is the governments actions and policies that restrict or restrain international trade, often done with the purpose of protecting local businesses and jobs from foreign competition. Classic methods of protectionism are import tariffs, subsidies, quotas and direct state intervention. The fact that trade protection hurts the economy of the country that enforces it is one of the oldest but still most astonishing understandings economics has to offer. The idea dates back to the beginning of economic science itself, which gave birth to economics, contains the argument for free trade by specializing in production instead of producing everything, nations would profit from free trade. In international economics, it is the direct opposite to the proposition that people within a national economy will all be better off if they specialize at what they do best instead of trying to be self-sufficient. Current debates and discussions about what kind of trade are good and about how open markets affects economy usually has hypothetical character, or takes place due to the influence of interest groups or subjective reasoning. Recent global economic crisis has caused a big change in ideas and policies against free markets and in favour of government intervention. Regardless, the analysis of trade development allows making simple conclusions which is relevant in the current discussion: countries adopting free trade policy prosper, while closing the markets leads to deficiency and economic slowdown. The main aim of this essay is to analyze if protectionism adopted by many countries, especially European countries can be a valid economic policy and if not, why so. It will look at the European Union and discuss the not so long ago fears of rising protectionism within the EU. Advantages of protectionism Protectionism marks an economic theory that emphasizes the minimization of free trade between nations. There are currently a lot of nations that practice economic protectionism; such countries believe that the manufacturing of goods should take place domestically, rather than in a global setting. Generally there are two main types of government control on international trade; tariff and non-tariff. Previously, the main dispute between supporters and opponents of protectionism was focused on the discussion of arguments again and for using tariff as an economic policy instrument. Non-tariff barriers became usual in the last years and many of them are used by countries as an escape passage in free trade agreements, since WTO agreements have much weaker restraints on non-tariff protectionism than on tariff. The supporters of protectionism build their arguments on the following: 1) An advantage of protectionism is that it keeps the domestic economy rolling. Since there is a decrease in imports, domestic firms have less competition, and so are able to continue. The domestic economy will also be strengthened because unemployment will be down due to the domestic firms and they will be able to produce and sell more goods with a lot less difficulty, giving firms less reason to decrease its costs by decreasing its workforce. Those with jobs will continue to consume while allowing the economy to flow. 2) Protectionism makes domestic firms less competitive in the export market, as import barriers raise domestic prices through higher costs for mediocre inputs this means that export products also become more expensive and decrease in market share against the international competition. 4) Protectionism permits the new and upcoming firms to work and develop at an acceptable rate, because they will not be pressured by foreign, more experienced firms. The new firms can grow until they themselves are big enough to compete in international markets, encouraging positive features for the domestic economy in the future. 5) Protectionism can also prevent dumping, this is where foreign and bigger economies enter an economy and sell their goods at a price lower than the costs of production. Therefore, the consumers of that specific economy are spending more than the consumers in overseas areas. 3) An exception in which protectionism could improve a nations economic well-being is when a country has monopoly power over a good. Economists  [1]  have argued that a country that produces a large percentage of the worlds output of a good can use an optimum tariff to take advantage of its latent monopoly power, and thus gain more from trade. This is the same as stating that a monopolist will maximize profits by raising prices and reducing outputs. As stated before, many countries practice economic protectionism and it may hold several advantages over the separate notion of free trade. Disadvantages of protectionism Trade protectionism has more than a few disadvantages, the most noteworthy of which are the pressures it places on the very core principles of free trade. Further disadvantages are the protections it offers to firms that contest on a stage of price over quality, the incorrect sense of security that it builds and the denial of easy access to certain products for consumers. At the core of protectionism are tariffs, duties, quotas and any other measures designed to restrict the import of foreign goods in interest of protecting domestic companies from foreign take overs. More disadvantages are as follows: 1) Consumers pay more with protectionism. Without a system of competitive pricing, domestic companies are free to raise their prices without raising the quality of their goods. When a business has no competition then the consumer is left without options. 2) Businesses suffer from protectionism too. Government support often builds corporate contentment, which could lead to a business to believe that it has a pleasant safety net set up behind it in the event of strong foreign competition as these businesses might not have the resources necessary to survive on their own. 3) Trade protectionism limits consumer access to foreign goods and non-domestic companies that offer unique products and services are also subject to the restrictions. 4) Foreign businesses and domestic consumers face the greatest disadvantages of trade protectionism. Businesses face imbalanced restrictions while their domestic competitors are offered financial advantages, and the consumer ends up paying higher prices for a limited variety of products that are not always worth their costs. 5) Protectionism can cause a retaliation reaction from other nations, ruining vital relationships between nations. a clear example of this would be the relationship between USA and China, when the US put boundaries on the Chinese tires , China retaliated by putting up barriers against different U.S. goods such as their chicken. This kind of hostility between nations decreases the specialization between two nations, eventually damaging the economy. Additionally to all of this, some governments provide subsidies and loans to businesses that are not able to compete against their foreign competitors. These actions restrain the free market by giving benefits to domestic companies while creating consequences upon foreign businesses. Some argue that trade protectionism is a step towards anti-globalization because of these reasons. Where is protectionism most prominent The U.S. has a long history as a protectionist country, with its tariffs reaching their highest in the 1820s and during the great depression. The countrys protectionist policies changed toward the middle of the 20th century. In 1947, they were one of the 23 nations to sign mutual trade agreements in the form of the general agreement on tariffs and trade. That agreement, modified in 1994, was substituted in 1995 by the world trade organization in Geneva. Through WTO negotiations, most of the worlds chief trading nations have significantly reduced their customs tariffs. The mutual trade agreements normally bound protectionist measure instead of eradicating them completely, however, calls for protectionism are still heard when industries in different countries suffer from economic struggle or unemployment believed to be aggravated by foreign competition. Critics argue that, over the long term, protectionism often ends up hurting the people it is supposed to protect and often encourages free trade as a greater alternative to protectionism. Another region that protectionism is becoming more popular is Europe. Recently the European commission drew attention to the increase in protectionist inclinations worldwide. It stated that 123 new trade restrictions had been implemented over the time span of 8 months (2012) this was an acceleration of 25% compared with the previous period studied. However the commissions own anticipated trade reforms, were ignored. These would push the EU itself towards further protectionism, they were seen to hamper with the global economy and hurt developing countries, according to an ODI  [2]  study.EU import likings for low income countries are focused around primary merchandises. Thats why they have lower tariffs for these goods. These encouragements have strengthened structural shortages towards extractive industries especially in sub Saharan Africa. The EU modifications have prevented these economies from expanding into value adding industries, hence slowing their development. Even though the proposals suggests using trade to improve development, there is little acknowledgement of the influence of the EUs Common Agricultural Policy  [3]  , which distorts trade and prevents development. The economic subsidy given to farmers alters world prices and the external tariffs punish foreign farmers selling products to the EU market. These interventions prevent many developing countries progressing through export-driven growth. In this context, the EUs moves towards further protectionist measure are a cause for deep concern. The policies threaten to damage developing countries and reduce the efficiency of the global economic system Based on economic theory, all elimination of trade barriers is beneficial to the world economy. Through increasing trade barriers, by tariff and non-tariff funds, domestic consumer costs increase, foreign exporters sales decrease and efficiency gains through comparative advantage  [4]  are prevented. These decisions are hence political. Arguable they have been put in place to prevent possible rivals from catching up with EU countries. The statement that the imports from the middle-income countries will be substituted by those from low-income countries seems doubtful. It is vital to distinguish between the cases for free trade for nations own benefit and the case for free trade for all nations. The first is an argument for free trade to improve one nations own well-being, also known as the national-efficiency argument. The other is an argument for free trade to improve every trading countrys welfare. Both of these cases assume that free markets determine prices and there are no market failures. However, the reality is that market failures can and do occur. Market failures can rise from governmental action as well. Hence, governments may misrepresent market prices by subsidizing production, as European governments have notably done and as all wealthy countries governments do in agriculture. Governments can also protect intellectual property unproductively, leading to underproduction of new knowledge; they may also overprotect it. In those cases, production and trade, led by inaccurate prices, will not be effective. Conclusion The history of trade development shows that protectionism and free trade policies were replaced to correspond to a certain economic situation in the world. However, there has been apparent shift to open markets, decreased trade barriers and international cooperation among countries in the last few decades. With all of this said, the impact of recent economic slowdown pushed many countries to stray from free trade agreements in order to support domestic economies and employment. As a result, what we are seeing today is protectionism which is not an upfront declaration of a trade war using tariffs; rather it is protectionism with non-tariff weapons. These metaphorical weapons are used mainly by developed countries especially by many European countries. Demands for labour and domestic market protection stand as a problem for European leaders. They run against EU rules that guarantee the free flow of goods, services and workers. There are two sides of using protective policy, but it is clear that the disadvantages of such policies will almost always prevail over its advantages. Economists stress more on the threats rather than the benefits of protectionism, and claim that it is not a solution for problems in the long run. For European and other countries it is extremely desirable to find ways to increase employment and reduce the impact of the crisis, but using any sort of protection would have very little short run benefits. It would also result in reduced worldwide employment very quickly and make growth prospects much more difficult when recovery does come. It is not even a case of when one country benefits at the expense of another. Such moves might bring upon a chain reaction of protectionism that makes the economic slowdown even worse. One countrys protection will not just hurt partner-country exports. Sooner or later, the formers exports will be affected as well. Therefore Europe should avoid adopting protective measures separately, as free trade is seen to be the only solution to crisis by stimulating future growth and creating jobs in the future.

Plato Contrasted with Confucius Essay -- Compare Contrast Plato Confuc

Plato Contrasted with Confucius Since the early beginnings of society, in which people began living in gathered communities, there can be seen a constant progression, upon a steady time line, of the increased order of the organization of society. However, this is not the kind of progress that was sought by two widely known philosophers and teachers, Plato and Confucius. The kind of social reform and alteration displayed in the teachings and writings of both of these men, examine a movement from societies viewed as chaotic and barbaric toward societies consisting of gentleman, practicing prescribed values, morals, and actions. Confucius and Plato both emphasized a moral conduct that went above and beyond the socially accepted norms of their times. Despite the concentration on these factors in Chinese and Grecian cultures, the progress attempted by both of these philosophers was not achieved by their own standards within their own societies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several common themes running through the primary work of compiled sayings attributed to Confucius: emphasis on gentlemanly conduct, pursuit of humbleness among fellow man, and a search for a proper ruler who is in accordance with â€Å"the Way.† Running throughout the entire book of â€Å"The Analects†, Confucius makes reference to many characteristics that a gentleman should possess. Even beginning in the first chapter of Book One, Confucius is attributed with saying, â€Å"Is it not gentlemanly not to take offence when others fail to appreciate your abilities?† Other characteristics Confucius attributed to gentlemanly conduct include studying the rites and â€Å"The Odes†, humbleness, lack of desire for places of position, unbending in moral conduct, and many other factors. By laying out a basis upon which a gentleman should act, Confucius establishes a standard to measure the quality of all men. Setting a standard implies that there are men above and below this set, desired point, and the word standard also indicates a measure of quantitative or qualitative value. By creating such a standard, Confucius is immediately able to begin causing social reform and progress. However, this progress, though achieved through concentration on social values, never reaches the capacity to which Confucius desires it to reach. Several sayings within The Analects indicate that Confucius is unable to see an accumulation of all desire... ...ty is tentative. It proves to reason that a society guided by high morals will have a progress. However, to assume that all corruption will be removed simply by placing leadership in office that adheres to the high standards fails to recognize the flaw in man that Plato and Confucius both obviously see: man is in need of progress towards civil order. From the beginning, man is already viewed as degraded and morally corrupt. The society will progress because progression of society has been the natural order since the beginning of civilization. It is the quality and moral standing of this progress that is in question. Using Plato’s method of progression, it can be seen that society is not progressing, but rather being led blindly down a road. Progression implies the acquisition of knowledge upon a continuous path. Keeping men under order through ignorance, and elevating those with morally upright actions only serves to further isolate and expand the gap between the men posse ssing knowledge of civil order and those merely following it out of service to a defined path. A false sense of progress is created, while the majority of society remains ignorant of why to be humane and civil.

The Bad Effects to Health of Excessive Computer Use

THE BAD EFFECTS TO HEALTH OF EXCESSIVE COMPUTER USE A Research Paper Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement In English 102A – Writing in Discipline By: Go, Alyssa Y. Vergara, Bellie Anne S. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE OCTOBER 8, 2010 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Today, computers play a very large part in our daily lives. We use computer for a lot of things like business, education, communication and entertainment. We can find computers almost everywhere nowadays, at offices, at school and even at almost every home. Because of the computer’s speed and efficiency, we always turn to it to get our work done. As a result, many people tend to spend long hours using it. And using the computer for an extended period of time results to several health problems. As computer science students, this means that when we graduate, we will eventually get a job that will require us to use computer for long periods of time. It is important that we should know the risk of our profession such as the health problems that we would most likely have to face. This research could also aid the general public who uses computers in their daily lives. It could help us to know the health problems caused by the extensive use of computers and the possible solutions to prevent or overcome it. Stamatellos(2007) stated in his work that the extensive use of computers can result two possible health problems: the â€Å"Computer Vision Syndrome† (CVS) and the â€Å"Repetitive Strain Injury† (RSI). CVS is a series of eye problems due to staring at the monitor of a computer for a long period of time. RSI is an intense pain felt on a particular muscle, joint or ligament that is used to repeat the exact same movements. If these problems are not treated it could lead to permanent damage to your health and consequently to your life. The health of users are key component in information system. However, people don’t bother to take care of themselves, and when the time comes they discover they have so many illnesses. The widespread use of computers is now casing health concerns. This research discusses the preventions and cures the user can do to keep them healthy at office and at home. There are some ergonomic concepts that we can follow to take precautions to prevent this injuries. Take a break after using computer, do some simple exercise during that time. Stretching and doing some simple wrist in your hands and arms. To prevent injury to typing, place a wrist rest between the key board and at the edge of your desk. To prevent injury using a mouse, place the mouse at least six inches from the edge of the desk. The eye strain is not a serious or long term illnesses. You should get regular eye examination, through this you can take care of yourself. Another one is the back pain, muscle fatigue, it caused by poor posture; get an ergonomic chair it allows you to sit and to use arms and hands in healthier way. Sit properly in the chair, your feet should be flat on the floor. You can just go and take a break and be sure that your workplace is well more designed. Statement of the problem This research focuses on defining the bad effects to health of using the computer for an extended period of time. This research will answer the following questions: * What are the specific health problems we may acquire by using the computer excessively? * What are the causes of the said health problems? * What are the possible solutions we can do to cure or prevent these problems? * What is an ergonomic workplace? * How can we make our workstations ergonomic? Significance of the study This research gives information regarding health problems due to the extensive use of computer among users, computer professionals and its association with working environment conditions. A significant portion of computer users were found to be having health problems and this denotes that the occupational health of the people working in the computer field needs to indicate occupational health problems such as Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) and Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This research further explains that long periods of working at a computer can cause eyestrain and overuse injuries of the hands and wrists. Using this research, employers and managers can help transform working stations to be more ergonomic. The working place will be more suitable and comfortable for the workers. Furthermore, it will lessen the chances of the workers getting computer health related problems. Scope and delimitation This study limits its coverage on the people who are working in the computers for long period of time, particularly company employers identify the health problems that they encounter and to propose possible solution regarding this problem. This study considers every aspect of the employee’s health information that has an impact on their performance such as their condition regarding office work. The wide of using computers has led some important health concerns, which is associated with occupational safety and health concerns. Many people use computers as part of their job. If you use one and suffer illnesses it may be because of the way you are using the computer. Problems such as suffering from strain in the back of the hand due to excessive ‘mouse' clicking, eye strain, shoulder and back pains or stress or neck ache if you use a computer without a break for a long time. The employees suffered this condition because of their heavy work loads and regular night work. Furthermore they face number of health issues particularly (RSI) Repetitive Strain Injuries and (CVS) Computer Vision Syndrome. Methodology The goal of this research is to ascertain the different bad effects of using the computer for an extended period of time. To reach this goal, we conduct surveys and interview of individuals who are working with computers long periods of time. Surveys are done for all the employees of a particular computer company to determine whether there really is an overall increase chance for people who are working with computers to get computer related health problems and to ascertain which health related problems they’ve got. The data collected from this test are recorded and later tested for relevance. Interviews are done with employees who already have computer related health problem. This is to determine which health problems are more prevalent and which health problems are rare. Using these interviews, we get the possible causes of the said health problems. An inspection of the workplace conducted. This is to test if the working environment is indeed another factor affecting or causing health problems. All of the data collected from the said methods and complied, tested and further analyzed to reach concrete results. GANTT CHART Day| Activity| Day 1August 17, 2010| Brainstorming| Day 2August 20, 2010| Arguing for the research topic| Day 3August 24, 2010| Getting resources| Day 4August 25, 2010| Making the final research title and thesis statement| Day 5August 27, 2010| The submission of the research title and thesis statement| Day 6August 31, 2010| Introduction of the research| Day 7September 3, 2010| Submission of the Introduction| Day 8September 7, 2010| Submission of the Statement of the problem| Day 9September 14, 2010| Submission of the Significance of the study| Day 10September 17, 2010| Submission of the Scope and Delimitation| Day 11September 21, 2010| Submission of the research Methodology| Day 12September 24, 2010| Submission of the Definition of Terms| Day 13September 28, 2010| Submission of Bibliography| Definition of terms End-user as used in this research refers to a person who is operating computer. Bad Effects as used in this research refers to the physical disorder that affects person. Ergonomic as used in this research refers to the strategic ordering of the lay-out of the workplace such that it will be more suitable and comfortable for the user. Information system as used in this research refers to the specific use of the computer to support user actions such as operations, management and decision making. Health as used this research refers to the physical well being of a person. Computer Science as used in this research refers to the study of the theoretical and practical use of the computer system. Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) as used in this research refers to eye strain problem due to staring at the monitor of a computer for long period of time. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) as used in this research refers to the painful injury in the hands or wrist caused by the repeated usage of the keyboard and the mouse. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) as used in this research refers to the disease of the hand characterized by the numbness, tingling, pain and weakness. Bibliography Books Bentham, P. (1996). VDU terminal sickness: Computer Health risk and how to protect yourself. London: Jon Carpenter, Publishing. Morley, D. & Parker, S. (2008). Understanding computers: Today and tomorrow (11th ed. ). USA: Thomson Course Technology. Shelly, G. , Cashman, T. & Vermaat, M. (2008). Discovering computers: Fundamentals (4th ed. ). USA: Thomson Course Technology. Stametellos, G. (2007). Computer ethics: A global perspective. U. S. A : Jones and Ballet publishers, Inc. Williams, B. , & Sawyer, S. (2007). Using Information Technology: A practical introduction to computers and communications (7th ed. ). New York: Mc Graw-Hill companies Inc. Internet source Hege Crowton. (2010). Health Risk Due to long hours at your computer. Retrieved September 28, 2010, from http://www. ariticlecity. com/articles/health/article_2730. shtml The American Optometric Association’s article on CVS. (2010). Computer Vision Syndrome. Retrieved September 15, 2010, from http://www. aoa. org/x5374. xml Top 4 Health Problems Caused By Computer Use. Retrieved September 28, 2010, from http://heheli. com /business/top-4-health-problems-caused-by-computer-use/ Long hours at Computer: Health Risks & Prevention. Retrieved from September 28, 2010, from http://www. lifemojo. com/lifestyle/long-hours-at-computer-health-risk-prevention-26899842