Bluebook Legal Referencing †Citing Federal Statutes

Bluebook Legal Referencing – Citing Federal Statutes Bluebook Legal Referencing – Citing Federal Statutes The Bluebook sets out uniform conventions for referencing legal documents, so anyone studying US law will want to be familiar with this system. We’ve previously looked at citing cases, so today we’ll move on to using Bluebook referencing to cite federal statutes. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation Citing Federal Statutes Citing a federal statute typically involves referring to the United States Code (commonly abbreviated to â€Å"U.S.C.†), with the basic format for a statutory citation as follows: Title Code Abbreviation Section ( §) (Date) 14 U.S.C.  §37a (2012) Citations of this kind should be inserted into the text (or in a footnote) immediately after the relevant passage, using an appropriate signal if necessary. The rest of this post will examine each of these elements in more detail. Title Number The â€Å"title† of a federal statute is typically reduced to just the title number of the relevant section in the United States Code. In addition to this, you should provide the official name of the statute if: You’re citing the entire act as it appears in the United States Code; It is conventional to cite that particular statute in full, or; Providing the full name will aid identification of the material cited. For example, the Copyright Act of 1976 (title number 17 in the United States Code) could be cited in whole as: Copyright Act of 1976, 17 U.S.C.  Ã‚ §Ã‚ § 101-1332 (2012) Code Abbreviation The code abbreviation indicates  the jurisdiction under which a statute has been implemented. State statutes require you to know the code of the state in question, but if you’re citing a federal statute the main code you’ll need is â€Å"U.S.C.† (short for â€Å"United States Code†). However, if you’re citing a statute that hasn’t yet been published in the U.S.C., you can also cite the United States Code Annotated (U.S.C.A.) or the United States Code Service (U.S.C.S.). Section Number This is simply a number to show the section you’re citing, indicated using the section symbol ( §) and the relevant number. If citing more than one section, use â€Å" §Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬  and the complete range of sections being cited (e.g.,  §Ã‚ § 101-1332). Date of Code Edition The date given in brackets in a Bluebook citation refers to the year the copy of the code you’re using was published. You’ll therefore need to check your edition of the U.S.C. when citing a federal statute. You should also include the publisher alongside the year of publication if citing either the U.S.C.A. or U.S.C.S. As such, a citation of the LexisNexis-published version of the code would look like this: 14 U.S.C.S  §37a (LexisNexis 2012)

The Many Ways to Pronounce I in French

The Many Ways to Pronounce I in French When youre learning French, the letter I may be one of the most challenging of the alphabet. It has a common sound, a couple of accents, and is often combined  with other letters and all of these have slightly different sounds. Because the I is used so often in French and in so many ways, its important that you study it thoroughly. This lesson will help fine tune your pronunciation skills and maybe even add a few new words to your French vocabulary. How to Pronounce the French I The French letter I is pronounced more or less like the EE in fee, but without the Y sound at the end. An I with an accent circonflexe, à ® or trà ©ma, à ¯, is pronounced the same way. This is also true for the letter Y when its used as a vowel in French. However, the French I is pronounced like the English Y in the following instances: When I is followed by a vowel as in  chà ¢tier, addition, adieu, and  tiers.When IL is at the end of a word and preceded by a vowel as in orteil, orgueil, and  Ã…“il.In most words with ILLE  such as  mouiller, fille, bouteille, and  veuillez. French Words With I Practice your pronunciation of the French I with these simple words. Give it a try on your own, then click the word to hear the correct pronunciation. Repeat these until you have them down because they are very common words that youll need often. dix  (ten)ami  (friend)lit  (bed)addition  (addition, restaurant bill)adieu  (farewell)orgueil  (pride)Å“il  (eye)veuillez  (please)fille  (girl) Letter Combinations With I The letter I is as useful in French as it is in English. However, it also comes with a variety of pronunciations depending on the letters its used in conjunction with. As you continue your study of I, be sure that you understand how these letter combinations sound. AI and  AIS  - There are three ways to pronounce AI. The most common is  pronounced like the È or bed.AIL  - Pronounced [ahy].EI - Sounds like the É or È  as in the word à ©tà ©Ã‚  (summer).EIL  -  Pronounced [ehy], similar to the E in bed followed by a Y sound. As used in  un  appareil  (device) and  un  orteil  (toe).EUI, UEIL, and  Ã…’IL  - Sounds  like the OO in good followed by a Y sound.IN - Called a nasal I, this is pronounce [e(n)]. The E sounds like an  E with a circumflex -  Ãƒ ªÃ‚  - and the (n) is the nasal sound. For example,  cinq  (five) and  pain  (bread).The nasal I can be spelled any number of ways:  in, im, ain, aim, eim, ein, em,  or en.IO - Pronounced [yo] with a closed O sound. Used in the  addition  example above.NI - When followed by another vowel, it is pronounced [ny]. If its followed by a consonant, the I follows the rules above and the N follows its own rules. For example,  une  nià ¨ce   (niece) versus  un  niveau  (level, standard).OI  - Pronounced [wa].OUIL  - Pronounced [uj]. TI - When followed by a vowel, TI sounds like [sy] as in un  dictionnaire  (dictionary). If a consonant follows this combination, the T follows its rules and the I follows the rules above. A perfect example is  actif  (active).UI  - Sounds like the English we. For example,  huit  (eight) and  la  cuisine  (kitchen, cooking).UIL and UILLE - When UIL follows a consonant, the sound is [weel] (with the exception of  un building). For instance,  juillet (July).  With UILLE, the double L transforms it to [weey] as in  une  cuillà ¨re  (spoon).

Nutrition project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutrition project 2 - Essay Example erview that the vision of the individual became blur over the preceding few years, which eventually made apparent that this problem adversely affected his work. In addition, it could be identified from the interview that the individual’s level of thirst was increased due to frequent exhaustion (Diabetes UK, â€Å"Diabetes Symptoms†). What do you have to do to control your diabetes? The interviewee stated that changes in diets are required to be made in order to control diabetes. According to the interview, it was found that the individual is planning to eat lesser meals and opting for intaking healthier foods such as fruits and green vegetables. This might help him in reducing the problem of weight loss. Moreover, the individual decided to walk 30 minutes regularly in morning and 10 minutes after lunch time, which in turn would aid him in healing from uncertain exhaustion or tiredness (NDEP, â€Å"It’s Not Too Late to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes†). How Else Does Diabetes Affect Your Day-To-Day Life? Since the interviewee was diagnosed with diabetes, the daily life of the individual got highly affected. This might be owing to the reason that he had to wake up from sleep twice in night-time, which was quite abnormal for his family members. Additionally, he had to avoid consuming sugar, which created an imbalance in his normal diet, as he is quite keen towards eating cakes or cookies with either tea or coffee in his breakfast. Besides, his monthly expenses for availing medication were continuously rising, which created a huge problem for him in his daily life to manage both personal as well as family expenses (Crown, â€Å"How diabetes affects my daily life†). The serving size for Hamburger in McDonald’s is 3.5 oz (ounces) i.e. 100grams. Accordingly, the calorie content on each serving is 234 cal. The total fat in each Hamburger is 8.6 grams. Likewise, there is 0.5 gram of trans fat in Hamburgers. If it is assumed that an individual can consume 2,000 kcal in an

MERCOSUR and FTAA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MERCOSUR and FTAA - Essay Example DP, climbed from $650 billion to $990 billion, and direct foreign investment soared from $2.6 billion to $20.24 billion.†(Merco Press 2006)It is the fourth largest integrated market after the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and ASEAN. Despite the setbacks like devaluation in Brazil and Argentine crisis hindering the sustained growth of the sector, the bloc continued to move forward. However the trading block has to face crucial tests with in connection with the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). This paper envisages bringing out the features and issues that makes the relationship between the block countries and the developed nations a difficult one especially in the political and economic sphere. MERCOSUR the â€Å"Common Market of the Southern Cone’ was formed by the Treaty of Asuncion and consists of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay with Chile and Bolivia becoming associate members. â€Å"Its purpose is to establish a common market which would include the free movement of goods, services and factors of production, the elimination of customs duties and non-tariff restrictions, the establishment of a common external tariff and the adoption of a common trade policy, the coordination of positions in regional and international economic and commercial for a and the coordination of macro economic and sectoral policies amongst the member states in the areas of foreign trade, agriculture, industry, fiscal and monetary matters, foreign exchange and capital, services, customs, transport and communications and any other means that may have been agreed upon† (Malcolm Rowat, et al. 1997) There were several factors connected with the member countries which have stood in the way of the growth of MERCOSUR. While there was a possibility for building up regional integration for the clustering less developed smaller countries around a more developed and larger neighbouring country, this advantage could not be taken by MERCOSUR. This

Theatre †HL “Habit” †David Mamet Wordcount Essay Example for Free

Theatre – HL â€Å"Habit† – David Mamet Wordcount Essay In this excerpt of his book â€Å"True and False: Heresy and Common Sense for the Actor† David Mamet is discussing the importance of habitual behavior in relation to success in theatre and our daily lives. In my opinion, he does this in a very mechanical kind of way, matching certain places (e.g. â€Å"rehearsal†, â€Å"home† and â€Å"the stage†) with certain activities (e.g. â€Å"work†, â€Å"reflection† and â€Å"action†). This might work as a technique of creating places of concentration and inspiration for some people, but will definitely not work for everyone; therefore Mamet shouldn’t be stating it as a generally applicable formula for successful acting and theatre. Another deficiency of his theory is that he solely takes into account the technical part of theatre, giving immense importance to qualities such as bounteous punctuality and knowing your lines by heart. I do believe in the importance of these practices, seeing as they support the development of meaningful theatre, but by no means are they responsible for its creation. Being on time and knowing your lines will create space and time for you to settle in, calm down, concentrate and forget the troubles of your private life. Being structured and organized will enable you to be genuine and emotional on stage. These character traits create room for the truly important aspects of theatre and thereby characterize a responsible actor. It will simplify and facilitate the procedure of rehearsal, saving time and making the process more efficient. However, an individual that has no talent and passion for acting, won’t develop into a ‘good’ actor merely by being early for rehearsal and knowing all of his lines perfectly. The reason why these traits are relevant to me is because they emphasize the role of an actor not only as an individual but also as a member of an ensemble. Knowing your lines and being on time demonstrates professionalism and respect towards your colleagues. Mamet mentions the importance of habits that are more spiritual though as well, such as cultivating a â€Å"love of skill† or â€Å"the habit of mutuality† or â€Å"the habit of truth† in one self. Depending on your definition of theatre, cultivating these habits can affect your theatre positively. This applies when your goal of producing theatre is to improve conditions in the world in a greater sense and wanting your audience to leave your production with a positive feeling or determination to change/improve conditions they live in. Another thing Mamet discusses in this excerpt is the role of an actor to society, his true occupation being that of a philosopher and his task being telling the truth – even in â€Å"the moment when the audience would rather not hear it†. This supports my view of theatre, which is that theatre should be having an educating and awakening effect on its audience – on society.

A Remarkable Man, My Idol, My Grandfather Essay -- Personal Narrative

A Remarkable Man, My Idol, My Grandfather Dr. Benre’s comments: Marty paints a telling portrait of her step-grandfather, but never relies merely on telling the reader. Small anecdotes about her grandfather, as well as some of his habits, gave Marty’s story a much more powerful presentation that it would have if she had simply told the readers that he was neat and kind. More importantly, she maintains a significance to her story which travels from beginning to end. She uses her story to play on emotions without crossing the line into melodrama and makes a telling point in her conclusion. Marty has written an excellent story, not just an essay about someone she remembers. Â   Though he was an overwhelming three hundred pounds, my grandfather was a very neat, well-kept, respected man. His thick, ash colored hair always had to be just right. From the direction of the part to the brand of hairspray which held it in place, everything had to be just so. His shirt was always tucked in, and his belt always matched his shoes. Because of his huge girth, he had a seventy-eight inch waist, his legs reminded me of a penguin's— short and stubby. Everything about him amused me—from his love for the holidays to the way he continuously chewed ice and the incessant manner he had of rubbing his feet together. Although he was my father's stepfather, he loved us as if we were his own. Several times throughout the year, he would organize what he called "family time," which involved all thirteen grandchildren who gathered in one place to socialize. He also had a great love for holidays. For example, we all spent Christmas Eve on the levee looking at the bonfires, and for days preceding Christmas, we rode through town enjoying the ... ... day he died, he taught me a valuable lesson. If we love someone, we should tell the person often. I sometimes wonder if he knew just how much we loved him. All I have left are the memories we shared and the lessons he taught me, but they are good memories, and they are exceptional lessons. My grandfather was an astonishing man. Unfortunately, my son will never get to meet my grandfather, but I will instill in him the love for people my grandfather so diligently instilled in me. I never looked at him as "fat" or "different." I simply viewed him as more to love. Even though he is not physically with me anymore, I still do things with him in mind, wondering if he would approve or disapprove; I try to make the choice I think he would admire. He taught me life; he taught me love; and he taught me what was right. This remarkable man is my idol--my grandfather.

Room 101 Speech

â€Å"Don’t Get Me Started On†¦ † Adverts. There like marmite, you either love them or hate them and I personally hate them. Whether its adverts on the television or in a magazine, they are all irritating and pointless. Its TV adverts that are the worst though. You’re sitting at home watching Titanic on ITV, when Kate Winslet whispers her lasts words to Leonardo- ‘I will never let go’, and releases him into the depths of the Atlantic. You’re sniveling becomes sobbing, the tears begin to flow and then Stacey Solomon’s voice ruins the atmosphere, advertising the latest frozen mini cheesecakes on the infamous Iceland advert.Your grief soon turns to anger and you think it can’t get any worse, until your hear the nauseating line ‘that’s why mum’s go to Iceland! ’ The emotional moment has gone and you have to sit through two to three minutes of boring adverts. There are hundreds of these irritating adver ts. From the go compare advert to the auto glass- the list goes on! It’s not just the emotional or romantic atmosphere they ruin either, it’s the suspense, drama or great sporting moment that you miss. Like when you’re watching a great episode of Midsummer Murders and you just are about to find out who murdered the teacher and the adverts appear.They are beyond annoying. More than anything, it’s the catch phrases and little jingles that are most annoying. I don’t know how many days ‘Go compare’ has been ringing in my ears for after just the first word of the famous advert. A lot of the adverts are advertising pointless things that people see so many times that they don’t care for the latest insurance comparison website and when it comes to it a lot of people just to Google for help. We all rush out, purses and wallets in hand; handing over ridiculous amounts of money for something we don’t even need and doesn’t wor k but that the advert makes look easy.How much does it say about the products that they have to use sneaky methods to sell them? Its quite sickening when you see adverts that are aimed at people’s fears and worries. The Pensions and Life Insurance that won’t actually pay you out any more money than you’ve paid in and that you took out because of the tear-jerking advert full of puppies and sickly sweet children. They seem to guilt trip you into giving over money and it’s not that I don’t feel sorry for them, it’s just in the middle of a programmes isn’t the right time.To stand out from the rest, companies enlist famous people to appear in their adverts or do voice overs. But these celebrities already earn thousands of pounds and, for example, Gary Lineker on the Walkers adverts is an ex footballer who probably wasn’t even allowed to eat the crisps when he was working is advertising a fatty food that is already famous and the mon ey only goes to contributing towards his next sports car, surely the ridiculous amount of money spent on these adverts could go to better causes, after all its probably my money that pays for it and I don’t even watch it!I’m not the only one that hates adverts also, research shows that a massive 91% of people agree with us, saying adverts ruin television programmes and a huge 79% of people asked said they wished advertisements were banned! Some people find adverts useful and say it gives them time to go to the toilet or make a cup of tea, but in an hour long programme there are four breaks. Surely people don’t need to get up four times, (every 15 minutes) to do these ‘useful’ things. Furthermore, adverts are simply to advertise different products or services.But who actually watches them? Not me, and I’m not the only one. 94% of people don’t pay any attention to the adverts, and 86% of these people change the channel over whilst these adverts are on. So, adverts, they do nothing but annoy people, they ruin programmes and people don’t even watch them. Therefore they aren’t even fulfilling the purpose of them nor are the putting money to good use and they are socially irresponsible. All of this together means room 101 is the only place for them, clearly.

John Stuart Mill Essay

Utilitarianism is a moral theory generally considered to have been founded by Jeremy Bentham, a 19th century English philosopher and social reformer. It is centered on the concept of happiness, and those who seek it. The idea is that all people seek happiness, and that it is the ultimate goal of all human beings to be happy. Therefore, according to classical utilitarianism, when a person wishes to act in an ethically sound manner he or she should strive to bring about the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest possible amount of people. This is known as the greatest happiness attitude. Another, similar idea is that a person should always strive, if incapable of producing happiness, to reduce unhappiness. As the theory is wholly focused on the outcome of a person’s actions, it is classed as a â€Å"consequentialist† theory, i. e. a theory that concerns it with consequences and not actions in themselves. Utilitarianism can be seen as a highly mathematical theorem, looking at the total units of happiness that a particular action gives rise to. For instance, I might want to go out and have drinks with some friends and my boyfriend or I could find something more family oriented and do something fun with my son and my boyfriend. Consider that my son is only little for a short time, would I rather have drinks and regret the hang over later or share a memory with my little boy. Taking my son out for a night might add 10 units of happiness to the world’s total stock, whereas going out for drinks would only add a total of 6. Certainly, the latter would make a greater quantity of people happy (the former only benefiting one person), but it is the quantity of happiness produced that is of the first importance to utilitarianists. But let us look more closely at Bentham’s utilitarianism. To understand his approach more fully, it is vital that one come to an appreciation of exactly what he meant by â€Å"happiness†. His ideas here are, really, quite simple. Bentham thought that we should look at happiness as being based on pleasure. Naturally, it follows from this that he also felt that we should treat unhappiness as something consisting of pain. This view on happiness has led his particular brand of utilitarianism to be seen as a hedonistic theory. Furthermore, Bentham did not distinguish between different forms of pleasure. To him, anything that gave rise to happiness – be it drugs or reading – was fundamentally good. Other philosophers have striven to develop Bentham’s theories further. One of the more notable of these is John Stuart Mill, who sought to distinguish between what he termed â€Å"higher† and â€Å"lower† pleasures. Mill disagreed with Bentham’s all-inclusive view on pleasure, feeling that there was a fundamental difference between the varying forms of pleasure available to people, and that some had a finer quality than others. It was Mill who put forth the notion that it is â€Å"better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied†. Mill’s idea was fairly straightforward, namely that while there are many simple, sensual pleasures in life, such as eating or drinking, there are also certain pleasures which are of a more cerebral nature, such as listening to classical music or reading poetry. According to Mill, these latter pleasures are of a greater quality, and should therefore be considered more important. He posited that someone who has experienced both forms of pleasure would naturally feel inclined to choose the higher pleasures. For instance, a man who is familiar with both tasty food and good poetry would view the latter as something more valuable than the former. This is a fairly straightforward exploration of the most common forms of utilitarianism. The most important thing to remember about these theories is that they are consequentialist and, above all else, that they are concerned with the greater good. Utilitarianists don’t care about your personal agenda or whether your actions happen to hurt some people. As long as the eventual results of your actions lead to more pleasure than pain, you’re in the clear. There were a number of things Mill did to change Utilitarianism. Mill said: â€Å"Better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. † Mill also linked Utilitarianism with Christian morality. He connected the theory with the teachings of Jesus. He said that the ‘ideal perfection of utilitarian morality’ was abiding by the ‘Golden Rule’-‘Do onto others as you have them do to you. ’ This made many more people accept Utilitarianism as it linked with their religion. Rules were introduced into Utilitarianism by Mill. The rules introduced were ones that generally brought about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. For example, Mill argued that society needs the principal of truthfulness as it brings the most happiness on the long run. Utilitarianism is a theory that Christians can relate to. Mill brought it closer to the Christian church by introducing Rule Utilitarianism. This would be closer to the principals Jesus lived by. For example, it was against the Jewish law to work on the Sabbath but when people were in need, Jesus bent this rule and healed them. The largest connection Christianity has with Utilitarianism is the death of Jesus. He was crucified and died for the sins of mankind-sacrificing himself for the majority. However, Utilitarianism does accept evil where Christianity most certainly does not.

HAYES Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning

HAYES Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning The  Hayes  surname has several possible origins: An English or Scottish place name for a man who lived near an enclosure  haeg  or  heye, an area of forest fenced off for hunting. The Hayes surname may also have been derived from the old English  haes  or the old French word  heis, both meaning brushwood. As an Irish surname, Hayes may be an Anglicized form of the Gaelic surname Ó hAodha, meaning descendant of Aodh. Aodh was a popular given name in early Ireland, adapted from the  old Irish name ed, meaning fire  In County Cork the Ó hAodha surname was commonly Anglicized as  OHea. In County Ulster, it became  Hughes.  Some  uses of the Hayes surname in Ireland, especially in County Wexford, could possibly be of English origin. HAYES was the  100th most common American surname in 1990 but had dropped to #119 by the time of the  2000 U.S. census. Alternate Surname Spellings:  HAY, HAYE, HAYS, HEAS, HEYES, HIGHES, OHEA, HEASE, HEYES, HEISE Surname Origin: English, Scottish, Irish Where in the World is the HAYES Surname Found? The Hayes surname was found throughout Ireland in the mid-19th century, according to The Irish Times map of  Hayes households in the Ireland Primary Valuation property survey of 1847-64. The name was found most prevalently, however, in southern Ireland- especially the counties of Cork, Tipperary, Limerick, and Waterford. Their map of Hayes births between 1864 and 1913 shows the largest number born in the registration district of Limerick, followed by Clonakilty and Cork. According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Hayes surname is found most prevalently in Ireland, followed by Australia, northwest England (around Liverpool),  the United States  and New Zealand. Famous People with the HAYES Surname Rutherford B. Hayes  - 19th president of the United StatesLee Hays - American singer/songwriterHelen Hayes -  American actress; recipient of an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a TonyJoanna Hayes - second American in history to win the Gold medal at the 100-meter hurdlesBob Hayes -  American sprinter and football playerCharles Melville Hays - a victim of the 1912 Titanic disasterSir John Hayes - explorer for the British East India CompanyIra Hamilton Hayes  - Hero who raised U.S. flag at Iwo JimaHunter Hayes  - American country singerAlexander Hayes  - Union army general in the Civil War Genealogy Resources for the Surname HAYES Meanings of Common Scottish Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your Scottish last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common Scottish surnames.Meanings and Origins of Common Surnames of Ireland: Ireland was one of the first countries to adopt hereditary surnames. Here are the meanings of fifty of the most common surnames in Ireland.My FamilyTree DNA Hayes Project: Over 185 members have already joined this DNA genealogy project, working together to connect the results of genetic ancestral testing, with traditional genealogy research, to place members in various family lines.Hayes Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Hayes surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Hayes surname query.FamilySearch - HAYES Genealogy: Explore over 5 million results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the Hayes surname and its variations on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HAYES Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Hayes surname.DistantCousin.com - HAYES Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Hayes.The Hayes Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Hayes surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

A Brief Timeline of Events in America - 1851-1860

A Brief Timeline of Events in America - 1851-1860 The time between 1851 and 1860 was one of great upheaval in United States history.   1851   The Treaty of Traverse des Sioux is signed with the Sioux Indians. They agree to give up their lands in Iowa and almost all of Minnesota.  The New York Daily Times appears. This will be renamed the New York Times in 1857.  A fire occurs at the Library of Congress, destroying 35,000 books.  Moby Dick is published by Herman Melville.   1852   Uncle Toms Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly is published to great success by Harriet Beecher Stowe.  Uncle Sam appears for the first time in a comic publication in New York.  Franklin Pierce wins the presidency.  The Know Nothing Party is created as a Nativist party opposed to Catholics and immigrants.   1853 The Coinage Act of 1853 is passed by Congress, reducing the amount of silver in coins smaller than a dollar.  Vice President William King dies on April 18th. President Pierce does not appoint a new Vice President for the rest of his time in office.  Mexico gives land along the southern border of present-day Arizona and New Mexico in exchange for $15 million.   1854 The Kansas-Nebraska Act is proposed that would separate the central Kansas Territory into two with the idea that the individuals in the territories would decide for themselves whether they would be free or slave. However, this was opposed to the Missouri Compromise of 1820 because they were both above latitude 36 °30. The act is later passed on May 26th. Eventually this area would be called Bleeding Kansas due to the fighting that would occur over the question of whether the area would be slave or free. In October, Abraham Lincoln gives a speech condemning the act.  The Republican Party is formed by anti-slavery individuals who oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  Commodore Mathew Perry and the Japanese sign the Treaty of Kanagawa opening ports up to trade with the US.  The Ostend Manifesto is created declaring the US right to purchase Cuba or take it by force if Spain does not agree to sell it. When it is published in 1855, it meets with negative public reaction.Walden is publis hed by transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau.   1855 Over the course of the year, a virtual civil war happens in Kansas between pro- and anti-slavery forces.  Frederick Douglass publishes his autobiography entitled My Bondage, My Freedom.  Walt Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass.   1856 Charles Sumner is beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks on the floor of the Senate for an anti-slavery speech. He does not recover fully for three years.  Lawrence, Kansas is the center of violence in Kansas when pro-slavery men kill an anti-slavery settler. Anti-slavery men led by John Brown then retaliate killing five pro-slavery men leading to the name Bleeding Kansas.  James Buchanan is elected as president of the United States.   1857 A pro-slavery legislature in Kansas passes the Lecompton Resolution which an election of delegates to a Constitutional Convention. Buchanan supports the eventual Convention even though it favors pro-slavery forces. It is later approved and then rejected. It becomes a point of contention with the president and Congress. It is finally sent back to Kansas for a popular vote in 1858. However, they choose to reject it. Therefore, Kansas will not be admitted as a state until 1860.  The Supreme Court decides in that slaves are property and that Congress has no right to deprive citizens of their property.  The Panic of 1857 begins. It will last two years and the failure of thousands of businesses.   1858 Minnesota becomes the 32nd state to the enter the Union. It is a free state.  Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas meet in seven debates across Illinois where they discuss slavery and sectionalism. Douglas will win the election, but Lincoln becomes a key figure in national politics.   1859 Oregon joins the Union as a free state.  Silver is discovered in Nevada leads more people out west to make their fortune.  The first American oil well is created when Edwin Drake finds oil in Pennsylvania.  John Brown leads a raid at Harpers Ferry to seize the federal arsenal. He is a devoted abolitionist who wishes to create a territory for fugitive slaves. However, he is captured by a force led by Robert E. Lee. He is found guilty of treason and hanged in Charlestown, Virginia.   1860 The Pony Express begins between St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California.  Abraham Lincoln wins the presidency after a hard fought campaign centering on the issues of sectionalism and slavery.  South Carolina decides to secede from the Union. The state militia takes over the Federal arsenal at Charleston.

Capital budgeting project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capital budgeting project - Essay Example The given project was related to design and estimate the capital budget of Wright Dive Shop, the shop aimed to expand its operations by purchasing a new Air Compressor. The first step of designing the capital budget was to estimate the cash flows of the project, the acceptance and the rejection of the project depends on the analysis of these cash flows. Latterly the strength was judged by using the Payback Period, Net Present Value of the project and the Internal Rate of Return. These three processes are considered to be the capital budgeting rules that help to estimate the strength of the project. The process of Capital Budgeting was used to determine the cash flows of the purchase. The Initial investment was calculated by adding the purchase price and the investment made to increase the working capital of the business operations. The total initial investment was 425,000 (including the purchase price i.e. 325,000 and the investment in Net Working Capital i.e. 100,000). The depreciation value was identified by using the MACRS- 10 years table (7 year’s values were used). The assumptions were provided in the case and these assumptions were applied to the labor and gas costs. The labor costs were assumed to increase by 3% till the 3 year, the 4th year increment was 5 % and 7% increment was estimated for the 5th, 6th and 7th year. The Gas costs were assumed to fluctuate at 7% every year till the year 4 and after that the value of increased to 9%. The cash outflows were subtracted from the cash inflows and hence the net cash flows were extracted after deducting the variable and fixed costs and adding back the depreciation of the compressor as it is a non cash item. The cash flows were then used to identify the strength of the investment opportunity. The payback period was used to identify the number of years in which the project was assumed to pay off the initial investment. The total initial investment was

SAP process "No need for research" Essay

SAP process "No need for research" - Essay Example ing is necessary for reduction of complex plant maintenance processes and includes several levels, which do not necessarily have to be implemented in full. The duration of such process execution depends on the number of employees involved in it and the complication of each of its steps. Asset Lifecycle management ensures the effective maintenance process. It starts with the identification of the need of the product or service whether from external or internal sources. The business should determine where to obtain the product and consider the suppliers in order to determine the necessary product for business. All this information along with the price and terms of exploitation are necessary to create the Purchase Requisition. After the responsible person specifies and defines that the price, specifications of the product and its terms and conditions are appropriate for the company, one does the Release of Purchase Order and the goods may be delivered to the company. The Purchase Order is usually delivered by fax or email with specification of purchasing documents. For every company it is important so the purchased order was delivered in time and for the supplier the payment was made as agreed and the work was completed for both sides. The stage of Goods Receipt means that the product is delivered and the recipient accepts or rejects the purchased item. During the period of discussing price and terms of exploitation of goods, the question of Installation or Putting into service are agreed. This means, that the supplier is responsible for installing of the purchased product, as well as service operation at purchaser request. By scheduling maintenance plans, asset lifecycle management forms orders and notifications for the proper work. The Preventive maintenance program should include the equipment condition monitoring which track the difference between the performing scheduled updates and a breakdown. Preventive maintenance is served for identifying a bigger problem.